science

Neogastropoda

Neogastropoda is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Neogastropoda rather than just read about it. In short: Neogastropoda is an order of aquatic snails, both freshwater and marine gastropod molluscs. Neogastropods and their close relatives, such as Tonnoidea and Cypraeoidea, form the clade Latrogastropoda.

Key takeaways

Neogastropoda belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Neogastropoda to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Neogastropoda from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Neogastropoda is an order of aquatic snails, both freshwater and marine gastropod molluscs. Neogastropods and their close relatives, such as Tonnoidea and Cypraeoidea, form the clade Latrogastropoda.

Description

The available fossil record of Neogastropoda is relatively complete, and supports a widely accepted evolutionary scenario of an Early Cretaceous origin of the group followed by two rapid diversification rounds in the late Cretaceous and the Paleocene. These sea snails have only one auricle, one kidney and one monopectinate gill, i.e. the gill filaments develop on only one side of the central axis. The shell has a well-developed siphonal canal. The elongated trunk-like siphon is an extensible tube, formed from a fold in the mantle. It is used to suck water into the mantle cavity. At the base of the siphon is the bipectinate (branching from a central axis) osphradium, a sensory receptacle and olfactory organ, that is more developed than the one in the Mesogastropoda. They achieved important morphological changes including e.g., the elongation of the siphonal canal, a shift in the mouth opening to a terminal position on the head, and the formation of a well-developed proboscis. The nervous system is very concentrated. Many species have the ganglia in a compact space. The rachiglossate (rasp-like) radula, a layer of serially arranged teeth within the mouth, has only three denticles (small teeth) in each transverse row. The Neogastropoda have separate sexes. There are about 16,000 species. Neogastropoda includes many well-known gastropods including the cone snails, conchs, mud snails, olive snails, oyster drills, tulip shells, and whelks. The Neogastropoda all live in the sea, except Clea, and Rivomarginella that are freshwater genera. The neogastropods are most diverse in tropical seas. They are mostly predators, but some are saprophagous (scavengers).

Taxonomy According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) the clade Neogastropoda consists of these superfamilies:

Buccinoidea Rafinesque, 1815 Conoidea Fleming, 1822 Cancellarioidea Forbes & Hanley, 1851: since 2017 treated as the superfamily Volutoidea Rafinesque, 1815 Mitroidea Swainson, 1831 : added in 2017 Muricoidea Rafinesque, 1815 Olivoidea Latreille, 1825 † Pholidotomoidea Cossmann, 1896 Pseudolivoidea (de Gregorio, 1880): since 2017 treated as a synonym of the superfamily Olivoidea Latreille, 1825 Turbinelloidea Rafinesque, 1815 Volutoidea Rafinesque, 1815 When Neogastropoda was an order, it was placed within the prosobranch gastropods according to the taxonomy developed by Thiele (1921). The families which used to form the order Neogastropoda are now included in the clade Neogastropoda Cox, 1960. Ever since Thiele (1929), Neogastropoda have been considered a natural group, clearly differentiated from other Caenogastropoda. The monophyly of the group is widely accepted among morphologists, and it is based on several synapomorphies mostly related with the anatomy of the digestive system. Current classifications of Neogastropoda generally recognize up to six superfamilies: Buccinoidea, Muricoidea, Olivoidea, Pseudolivoidea, Conoidea, and Cancellarioidea. Phylogenetic relationships among neogastropod superfamilies based on morphological characters are rather unstable, and for instance, Cancellarioidea or Buccinoidea have been alternatively proposed as the sister group of the remaining Neogastropoda.

Families According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) the taxonomy of clade Neogastropoda is as follows:

Unassigned to a superfamily- assigned to Neogastropoda incertae sedis (temporary name) Family Babyloniidae Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971 Genus Enigmavasum Poppe & Tagaro, 2005 Family Harpidae Bronn, 1849 † Family Johnwyattiidae Serna, 1979 † Family Perissityidae Popenoe & Saul, 1987 † Family Sarganidae Stephenson, 1923: belong to the superfamily † Pholidotomoidea † Family Speightiidae A. W. B. Powell, 1942 Family Strepsiduridae Cossmann, 1901 † Family Taiomidae H. J. Finlay & Marwick, 1937 † Family Weeksiidae Sohl, 1961: belongs to the superfamily † Pholidotomoidea Superfamily Buccinoidea Family Belomitridae Kantor, Puillandre, Rivasseau & Bouchet, 2012 Family Buccinidae Family Busyconidae Wade, 1917 (1867) Family Colubrariidae Family Columbellidae † Family Echinofulguridae Petuch, 1994 Family Fasciolariidae Family Melongenidae Family Nassariidae Superfamily Mitroidea Swainson, 1831 Family Charitodoronidae Fedosov, Herrmann, Kantor & Bouchet, 2018 Family Mitridae Family Pyramimitridae Cossmann, 1901 Superfamily Muricoidea Family Muricidae Family Costellariidae Family Cystiscidae Family Marginellidae † Family Pholidotomidae Family Pleioptygmatidae Family Turbinellidae Family Volutidae Family Volutomitridae Superfamily Olivoidea Family Olividae Family Olivellidae Superfamily Pseudolivoidea: since 2017 treated as a synonym of the superfamily Olivoidea Latreille, 1825 Family Pseudolividae Family Ptychatractidae Superfamily Conoidea Family Conidae Family Clavatulidae Family Drilliidae Family Pseudomelatomidae Family Strictispiridae Family Terebridae Family Turridae Superfamily Cancellarioidea: since 2017 treated as the superfamily Volutoidea Rafinesque, 1815 Family Cancellariidae

References This article incorporates CC BY 2.0 text from the reference.

Bandel, K. & Dockery, D.T. III (2012): Protoconch characters of Late Cretaceous Latrogastropoda (Neogastropoda and Neomesogastropoda) as an aid in the reconstruction of the phylogeny of the Neogastropoda. – Freiberger Forschungshefte, C 542 psf (20): 93-128, pls. 1-5.

External links

Neogastropod Tree of Life Crame J. A. (2013). "Early Cenozoic Differentiation of Polar Marine Faunas". PLoS ONE 8(1): e54139. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054139

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Neogastropoda

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Neogastropoda claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Neogastropoda before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Neogastropoda ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Neogastropoda

In research: Neogastropoda appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Neogastropoda in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Neogastropoda is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Extant Early Cretaceous first appearances, Mollusc orders, Neogastropoda, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Neogastropoda outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Neogastropoda in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Neogastropoda means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Neogastropoda out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Neogastropoda in simple terms?

Neogastropoda is an order of aquatic snails, both freshwater and marine gastropod molluscs. Neogastropods and their close relatives, such as Tonnoidea and Cypraeoidea, form the clade Latrogastropoda.

Why does Neogastropoda matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Neogastropoda?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Neogastropoda.