biology

Neuroelectrics

Neuroelectrics is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Neuroelectrics rather than just read about it. In short: Neuroelectrics is a Barcelona-based Spanish company which produces devices to stimulate and treat the brain. Founded in 2011, it is a spin-off of Starlab Neuroscience Research which was established in 2000.

Key takeaways

Neuroelectrics belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Neuroelectrics to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Neuroelectrics from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Neuroelectrics is a Barcelona-based Spanish company which produces devices to stimulate and treat the brain. Founded in 2011, it is a spin-off of Starlab Neuroscience Research which was established in 2000. The company was founded by Ana Maiques, CEO, and her husband Giulio Ruffini, both of whom had originally worked in Barcelona for the Belgian research company Starlab until it declared bankruptcy. Neuroelectrics currently markets two medical devices:

Enobio is a wireless and wearable brain monitoring device that record electroencephalogram (EEG). Starstim is a hybrid brain stimulator that combines EEG with the three types of non-invasive electric stimulation: direct current (tDCS), alternating current (tACS) and random-noise (tRNS) stimulation. Maiques believes they could find applications in monitoring the early development of Parkinson's or Alzheimer's in order to combat worsening conditions. In February 2014, the company opened an office in Boston, Massachusetts. In 2014, Ana Maiques won third prize in the European Commission's Women Innovator Contest for her entrepreneurial vision. In April 2015, Neuroelectrics won the Bupa Startup Stage at Wired Health 2015.

Accreditations Both Starstim and Enobio are CE certified medical devices targeted to the medical and research communities. The US Federal law classifies both Starstim and Enobio as investigational devices. Other accreditations include Health Canada Medical Device License Approval for both Starstim and Enobio. Starstim complies with the European legislation for medical devices for the treatment of pain, stroke, depression and addictive disorders.

References

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Neuroelectrics

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Neuroelectrics claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Neuroelectrics before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Neuroelectrics ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Neuroelectrics

In research: Neuroelectrics appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Neuroelectrics in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Neuroelectrics is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Brain–computer interface, Electronics companies established in 2011, Electronics companies of Spain, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Neuroelectrics outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Neuroelectrics in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Neuroelectrics means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Neuroelectrics out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Neuroelectrics in simple terms?

Why does Neuroelectrics matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Neuroelectrics?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Neuroelectrics.