biology

Nevrorthidae

Nevrorthidae is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Nevrorthidae rather than just read about it. In short: The Nevrorthidae (often incorrectly spelled "Neurorthidae") are a small family of lacewings in the order Neuroptera. There are 19 extant species in four genera, with a geographically disjunct distribution: Nevrorthus, comprising 5 species with scattered distributions around the Mediterranean; Austroneurorthus, with two species known from southeastern Australia; Nipponeurorthus, comprising 11 species known from China…

Key takeaways

Nevrorthidae belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Nevrorthidae to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Nevrorthidae from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

The Nevrorthidae (often incorrectly spelled "Neurorthidae") are a small family of lacewings in the order Neuroptera. There are 19 extant species in four genera, with a geographically disjunct distribution: Nevrorthus, comprising 5 species with scattered distributions around the Mediterranean; Austroneurorthus, with two species known from southeastern Australia; Nipponeurorthus, comprising 11 species known from China and Japan; and Sinoneurorthus, known from a single species described from Yunnan Province, China. They are traditionally placed in the Osmyloidea, alongside Osmylidae and the spongillaflies (Sisyridae), but some research has considered them to be the sister group to the rest of Neuroptera. The larvae have unique straight jaws that are curved at the tips, and live as unspecialised predators in the sandy bottom sediments of clear, fast flowing mountain rivers and streams. They pupate underwater on the underside of stones. The adults are likely predators or feed on honeydew and other sugar-rich fluids. Apart from the mere four living genera, several species are known from fossils, the oldest being a larva from the Middle Jurassic of China, which already shows aquatic adaptations typical of modern nevorthid larvae.

Taxonomy After

Nevrorthus Costa, 1863 Nevrorthus apatelios H. Aspöck, U. Aspöck & Hölzel, 1977 Balkans, Italy Nevrorthus fallax (Rambur, 1842) Sardinia and Corsica Nevrorthus hannibal U. Aspöck & H. Aspöck, 1983 Tunisia, Algeria Nevrorthus iridipennis Costa, 1863 Calabria, Sicily Nevrorthus reconditus Monserrat & Gavira, 2014 Malaga, Spain Genus Austroneurorthus Nakahara, 1958 Austroneurorthus brunneipennis (Esben-Petersen, 1929) New South Wales, Queensland, Australia Austroneurorthus horstaspoecki U. Aspöck, 2004 Victoria, New South Wales, Australia Genus Nipponeurorthus Nakahara, 1958 Nipponeurorthus damingshanicus Liu, H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 2014 Guangxi, China Nipponeurorthus fasciatus Nakahara, 1958 China (Taiwan) Nipponeurorthus flinti U. Aspöck & H. Aspöck, 2008 Japan (Okinawa, Amamioshima). Nipponeurorthus furcatus Liu, H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 2014 China (Yunnan) Nipponeurorthus fuscinervis (Nakahara, 1915) Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu) Nipponeurorthus multilineatus Nakahara, 1966 China (Taiwan). Nipponeurorthus pallidinervis Nakahara, 1958 Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, Tsushima Island). Nipponeurorthus punctatus (Nakahara, 1915) Japan (Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu). Nipponeurorthus qinicus Yang in Chen, 1998 China (Shaanxi). Nipponeurorthus tianmushanus Yang & Gao, 2001 China (Zhejiang). Nipponeurorthus tinctipennis Nakahara, 1958 Japan (Yakushima Island). Genus Sinoneurorthus Liu, H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 2012 Sinoneurorthus yunnanicus Liu, H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 2012, Yunnan, China

Extinct genera †Balticoneurorthus Wichard 2016 Baltic amber, Eocene †Cretarophalis Wichard 2017 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) †Sisyroneurorthus Nakamine et al. 2023 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) †Electroneurorthus Wichard et al. 2010 Baltic amber, Eocene †Girafficervix Du, Niu & Bao, 2023 Daohugou Bed, China, Middle Jurassic †Palaeoneurorthus Wichard 2009 Baltic amber, Eocene †Rophalis Pictet 1854 Baltic amber, Rovno amber, Eocene

References

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Nevrorthidae

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Nevrorthidae claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Nevrorthidae before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Nevrorthidae ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Nevrorthidae

In research: Nevrorthidae appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Nevrorthidae in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Nevrorthidae is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Extant Middle Jurassic first appearances, Neuroptera, Neuroptera families, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Nevrorthidae outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Nevrorthidae in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Nevrorthidae means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Nevrorthidae out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Nevrorthidae in simple terms?

Why does Nevrorthidae matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Nevrorthidae?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Nevrorthidae.