biology

New Horizons 2

New Horizons 2 is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand New Horizons 2 rather than just read about it. In short: New Horizons 2 (also New Horizons II, NHII, or NH2) was a proposed mission to the trans-Neptunian objects by NASA. It was conceived as a planetary flyby mission in 2002, based on the New Horizons spacecraft, which was in development at the time.

Key takeaways

New Horizons 2 belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect New Horizons 2 to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of New Horizons 2 from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

New Horizons 2 (also New Horizons II, NHII, or NH2) was a proposed mission to the trans-Neptunian objects by NASA. It was conceived as a planetary flyby mission in 2002, based on the New Horizons spacecraft, which was in development at the time. In March 2005, the proposal was not selected for further development because of a shortage of plutonium-238 needed for the radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG). The New Horizons 2 study was funded by the New Frontiers program, and delivered to the U.S. Congress in June 2005.

Description New Horizons 2 was included in the tentative budget for the New Frontiers program missions. In 2004, the United States Senate on Appropriations Committee provided additional funding for New Horizons 2, a new Kuiper belt mission. As early as 2004, there was a conference on how to make the most use of New Horizons 2's Uranus flyby. Candidate targets included 47171 Lempo, a system that, like Pluto–Charon, contains multiple bodies. The mission plan for Lempo also included flybys of Jupiter and Uranus, and perhaps four Kuiper belt objects (KBO). There was a lot of flexibility: even without a gravity assist, any KBO within 50 AU and a 20-year flight time was possible. A flyby of Neptune's largest moon Triton was also considered, with 66652 Borasisi as a potential follow-on. 55637 Uni was also considered for a visit, as it had a similar orbit to Lempo.

See also Innovative Interstellar Explorer (2003 concept study for RTG powered ion-engined probe to 200 AU by 2030) List of New Horizons topics

References

External links New Horizons 2 Concept Overview (Feb 2005) PPT (15.6MB) Final Report of the New Horizons 2 review panel via Lunar and Planetary Institute

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with New Horizons 2

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what New Horizons 2 claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to New Horizons 2 before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about New Horizons 2 ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of New Horizons 2

In research: New Horizons 2 appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses New Horizons 2 in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: New Horizons 2 is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Cancelled NASA space probes, Cancelled missions to Jupiter, Missions to minor planets, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for New Horizons 2 outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study New Horizons 2 in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what New Horizons 2 means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain New Horizons 2 out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is New Horizons 2 in simple terms?

Why does New Horizons 2 matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study New Horizons 2?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on New Horizons 2.