computer science

New York State Identification and Intelligence System

New York State Identification and Intelligence System is a computer science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand New York State Identification and Intelligence System rather than just read about it. In short: The New York State Identification and Intelligence System Phonetic Code, commonly known as NYSIIS, is a phonetic algorithm devised in 1970 as part of the New York State Identification and Intelligence System (now a part of the New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services). It features an accuracy increase of 2.7% over the traditional Soundex algorithm.

Key takeaways

New York State Identification and Intelligence System belongs to computer science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect New York State Identification and Intelligence System to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of New York State Identification and Intelligence System from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

The New York State Identification and Intelligence System Phonetic Code, commonly known as NYSIIS, is a phonetic algorithm devised in 1970 as part of the New York State Identification and Intelligence System (now a part of the New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services). It features an accuracy increase of 2.7% over the traditional Soundex algorithm.

Procedure The algorithm, as described in Name Search Techniques, is:

If the first letters of the name are 'MAC' then change these letters to 'MCC' 'KN' then change these letters to 'NN' 'K' then change this letter to 'C' 'PH' then change these letters to 'FF' 'PF' then change these letters to 'FF' 'SCH' then change these letters to 'SSS' If the last letters of the name are 'EE' then change these letters to 'Y␢' 'IE' then change these letters to 'Y␢' 'DT' or 'RT' or 'RD' or 'NT' or 'ND' then change these letters to 'D␢' The first character of the NYSIIS code is the first character of the name. In the following rules, a scan is performed on the characters of the name. This is described in terms of a program loop. A pointer is used to point to the current position under consideration in the name. Step 4 is to set this pointer to point to the second character of the name. Considering the position of the pointer, only one of the following statements can be executed. If blank then go to rule 7. If the current position is a vowel (AEIOU) then if equal to 'EV' then change to 'AF' otherwise change current position to 'A'. If the current position is the letter 'Q' then change the letter to 'G' 'Z' then change the letter to 'S' 'M' then change the letter to 'N' If the current position is the letter 'K' then if the next letter is 'N' then replace the current position by 'N' otherwise replace the current position by 'C' If the current position points to the letter string 'SCH' then replace the string with 'SSS' 'PH' then replace the string with 'FF' If the current position is the letter 'H' and either the preceding or following letter is not a vowel (AEIOU) then replace the current position with the preceding letter. If the current position is the letter 'W' and the preceding letter is a vowel then replace the current position with the preceding position. If none of these rules applies, then retain the current position letter value. If the current position letter is equal to the last letter placed in the code then set the pointer to point to the next letter and go to step 5.The next character of the NYSIIS code is the current position letter.Increment the pointer to point at the next letter.Go to step 5. If the last character of the NYSIIS code is the letter 'S' then remove it. If the last two characters of the NYSIIS code are the letters 'AY' then replace them with the single character 'Y'. If the last character of the NYSIIS code is the letter 'A' then remove this letter.

References

External links USDA report with both the original NYSIIS procedure and a modified version NIST Dictionary of Algorithms and Data Structures entry, including pointers to several implementations Sample coder, using a variant of the algorithm Ruby Implementation C# Implementation Archived 2010-12-16 at the Wayback Machine PHP Implementation Python Implementation

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with New York State Identification and Intelligence System

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what New York State Identification and Intelligence System claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In computer science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to New York State Identification and Intelligence System before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about New York State Identification and Intelligence System ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of New York State Identification and Intelligence System

In research: New York State Identification and Intelligence System appears in computer science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses New York State Identification and Intelligence System in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: New York State Identification and Intelligence System is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Phonetic algorithms, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for New York State Identification and Intelligence System outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study New York State Identification and Intelligence System in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what New York State Identification and Intelligence System means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain New York State Identification and Intelligence System out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is New York State Identification and Intelligence System in simple terms?

Why does New York State Identification and Intelligence System matter?

Because it connects several computer science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study New York State Identification and Intelligence System?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on New York State Identification and Intelligence System.