astronomy

Nikolai Andreyevich Borodin

Nikolai Andreyevich Borodin is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Nikolai Andreyevich Borodin rather than just read about it. In short: Nikolai Andreyevich Borodin (Russian: Никола́й Андре́евич Бороди́н; also Nicholas A. Borodin; 23 November 1861 – 22 December 1937) was a Russian ichthyologist, politician, and journalist.

Key takeaways

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Reference excerpt

Nikolai Andreyevich Borodin (Russian: Никола́й Андре́евич Бороди́н; also Nicholas A. Borodin; 23 November 1861 – 22 December 1937) was a Russian ichthyologist, politician, and journalist. He served as a deputy of the First State Duma of the Russian Empire representing the Ural Oblast, was a member of the Constitutional Democratic Party, and later became a professor at Harvard University.

Biography Borodin was born into the family of a centurion (later a yesaul) of the Ural Cossack Host. In 1870 he entered the Ural Military Gymnasium, graduating with a gold medal in 1879. He was admitted to the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of Saint Petersburg University, first studying mathematics (1879–1880) and later switching to natural sciences (from September 1880). He graduated from the natural sciences department in December 1884. Returning to Uralsk in 1885, he served as a clerk in the military economic administration.

Scientific work With the support of Nikolai Shipov, the ataman of the Ural Cossack Host, Borodin began ichthyological studies of the Ural River in the 1880s. In 1884 he carried out the first successful artificial fertilization of sturgeon eggs in Russia (specifically sevruga). In 1889, during the First All-Russian Fisheries Exhibition in St. Petersburg, he served as a guide for Emperor Alexander III. He conducted extensive statistical research and compiled the two-volume work The Ural Cossack Host: A Statistical Description (1891), awarded a gold medal by the Imperial Russian Geographical Society. From 1891 to 1893 Borodin studied fisheries in Europe and North America and held the post of “military technician of Ural fisheries”. His experiments on artificial sturgeon fertilization and fish farming laid the foundation for modern aquaculture. In 1899 he moved to Saint Petersburg and worked as a senior fisheries expert for the Ministry of Agriculture. He served as secretary-general of the International Congress on Fisheries (1902) and published numerous studies on Caspian and Black Sea fisheries.

Journalism From 1894 Borodin contributed to Russkie Vedomosti. He founded and edited the newspapers Uralets, Ural Review, and Cossack Herald (1901–1904). He also worked for Our Life, contributed to the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary, and edited sections on fisheries in several technical journals.

Political activity As a student Borodin joined the social-democratic group of D. Blagoyev in 1883 and was briefly arrested in 1886 for revolutionary activities. Later, he founded educational and social organizations in Uralsk.

In the State Duma On 22 April 1906 he was elected to the First State Duma of the Russian Empire as a member of the Constitutional Democratic Party. He signed the Vyborg Manifesto and was sentenced to three months in prison, losing his right to stand for election.

Later years and emigration After the Russian Revolution of 1917 Borodin emigrated to the United States in 1919, teaching at the Russian People's University in New York. From 1928 he served as curator of ichthyology at the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, becoming a professor in 1931.

Personal life He married Lidia Semyonovna Donskova (born 1860s), who was a mathematician and librarian. They had a son and a daughter. Dmitry Borodin (1887–1957) was entomologist. Tatyana Borodina (1898–1937) was architect and was executed in Leningrad during the Great Purge. He died in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1937.

Species described Clupeonella tscharchalensis Borodin, 1896 Acipenser persicus Borodin, 1897 Clupeonella engrauliformis Borodin, 1904 Alosa braschnikowi Borodin, 1904 Cirripectes obscurus Borodin, 1927 Chasmocranus truncatorostris Borodin, 1927 Trachelyopterus leopardinus Borodin, 1927 Lestidium atlanticum Borodin, 1928 Hypomasticus garmani Borodin, 1929 Synodontis tanganyicae Borodin, 1936

Selected works Statistical Atlas of the Ural Cossack Host. Uralsk, 1885. Fisheries in Western Europe and North America. St. Petersburg, 1898–1900. The Caspian Herring and Its Fisheries. St. Petersburg, 1908. The Ural Cossacks and Their Fisheries. N.Y., Appleton & Co. Ideals and Reality: Forty Years of the Life and Work of an Ordinary Russian Intellectual (1879–1919). Berlin–Paris, 1930.

References

Illustrations

Nikolai Andreyevich Borodin illustration

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Nikolai Andreyevich Borodin

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Nikolai Andreyevich Borodin claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Nikolai Andreyevich Borodin before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Nikolai Andreyevich Borodin ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Nikolai Andreyevich Borodin

In research: Nikolai Andreyevich Borodin appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Nikolai Andreyevich Borodin in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Nikolai Andreyevich Borodin is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1861 births, 1937 deaths, American ichthyologists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Nikolai Andreyevich Borodin outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Nikolai Andreyevich Borodin in 20 minutes

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Frequently asked questions

What is Nikolai Andreyevich Borodin in simple terms?

Why does Nikolai Andreyevich Borodin matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Nikolai Andreyevich Borodin?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Nikolai Andreyevich Borodin.