astronomy

Nikolai Maximov (physiologist)

Nikolai Maximov (physiologist) is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Nikolai Maximov (physiologist) rather than just read about it. In short: Nikolai Aleksandrovich Maximov (also spelled Maksimov, Russian: Николай Александрович Максимов; 21 March 1880 – 9 May 1952) was a Russian-Soviet plant physiologist. He examined frost damage and looked at frost resistance and noted that damage was caused mechanically by ice crystals and that resistance involved osmotic control of cell sap.

Key takeaways

Nikolai Maximov (physiologist) belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Nikolai Maximov (physiologist) to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Nikolai Maximov (physiologist) from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Nikolai Aleksandrovich Maximov (also spelled Maksimov, Russian: Николай Александрович Максимов; 21 March 1880 – 9 May 1952) was a Russian-Soviet plant physiologist. He examined frost damage and looked at frost resistance and noted that damage was caused mechanically by ice crystals and that resistance involved osmotic control of cell sap. He also found that drought resistance was not achieved by plants merely through reduction of transpiration but by other stress tolerance mechanisms. He has been considered the founder of ecological plant physiology research in the Soviet Union.

Life and work Maximov was born in St. Petersburg and was educated at the local Gymnasium (1897) before graduating from the St. Petersburg University in 1902. He worked for some time in the forestry institute before going in 1910 to Java and working at the Bogor botanical garden. He returned to obtain a master's degree on frost resistance in 1913 and then went to Tiflis botanical garden. He established a laboratory and began to work on plant physiology. He worked at Leningrad in 1921 and taught at the A. I. Herzen Pedagogical Institute from 1933. In 1933 he was arrested as a collaborator of Nikolai Vavilov under false charge of being a member of a revolutionary party. His wife however found that he could be released if someone outside of Moscow wrote to hire him. This was made possible by N. M. Tulaikov (1875–1938) who got him to work at Saratov. He moved to the K. A. Timiriazev Institute of Plant Physiology in 1939. Maximov examined frost and drought resistance in plants. He found that a number of traits were involved in the drought resistance of xerophytes and not merely reduced transpiration as was then thought. He examined photoperiod and was able to suggest methods for yield increase in greenhouses under artificial lighting. He published a textbook of plant physiology which went through nine editions from 1926 to 1958 and influenced plant physiology research in the USSR. An English translation was produced by R.H. Yapp in 1929 while another translation was produced in 1930.

References

External links The Plant In Relation To Water (1928)

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Nikolai Maximov (physiologist)

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Nikolai Maximov (physiologist) claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Nikolai Maximov (physiologist) before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Nikolai Maximov (physiologist) ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Nikolai Maximov (physiologist)

In research: Nikolai Maximov (physiologist) appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Nikolai Maximov (physiologist) in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Nikolai Maximov (physiologist) is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1880 births, 1952 deaths, 20th-century Russian botanists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Nikolai Maximov (physiologist) outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Nikolai Maximov (physiologist) in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Nikolai Maximov (physiologist) means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Nikolai Maximov (physiologist) out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Nikolai Maximov (physiologist) in simple terms?

Why does Nikolai Maximov (physiologist) matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Nikolai Maximov (physiologist)?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Nikolai Maximov (physiologist).