astronomy

Nir Eyal (bioethicist)

Nir Eyal (bioethicist) is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Nir Eyal (bioethicist) rather than just read about it. In short: Nir Eyal (born June 1970) is a bioethicist and Henry Rutgers Professor of Bioethics and Director of the Center for Population–Level Bioethics at Rutgers University in New Jersey. He was formerly a bioethicist in the Department of Global Health and Population of the Harvard T.H.

Key takeaways

Nir Eyal (bioethicist) belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Nir Eyal (bioethicist) to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Nir Eyal (bioethicist) from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Nir Eyal (born June 1970) is a bioethicist and Henry Rutgers Professor of Bioethics and Director of the Center for Population–Level Bioethics at Rutgers University in New Jersey. He was formerly a bioethicist in the Department of Global Health and Population of the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine of the Harvard Medical School. He has long worked closely with Harvard bioethicist Daniel Wikler. Eyal's current visibility concerns his role in studying the ethics of human challenge trials in HIV, malaria, and coronavirus vaccine development. He has also written on 'bystander risks' during pandemics and infectious diseases and contract tracing during ebola.

Career Eyal received his early education at Tel Aviv University and Hebrew University in Israel and the DPhil in Politics from Oxford University. He worked with Peter Singer and others during his 2004-2006 post-doctoral study at Princeton University in the NIH Department of Clinical Bioethics and the Princeton University Center for Human Values. He researched and taught from through 2019 in the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine of the Harvard Medical School and in the Department of Global Health and Population of the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. During those thirteen years, he was affiliated with Faculties of the Harvard Law School and Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences and their research centers. In 2009–2010, he was a Faculty Fellow in a visitorship at the Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics in Cambridge. Since mid-2019, Eyal has been a faculty member within the Rutgers Department of Philosophy and Director of the Center for Population–Level Bioethics there.

Education and postdoctoral training 2004–2006 Harold T Shapiro Postdoctoral Fellowship in Bioethics, Princeton University Center for Human Values 2002–2004 Postdoctoral Fellow, National Institutes of Health, Department of Clinical Bioethics 1998–2003 DPhil, Politics (political philosophy), Oxford University 1994–1998 MA, Philosophy, Hebrew University 1991–1994 BA, Philosophy and History, Tel Aviv University

Awards Lady Davis Fellowship – Hebrew University of Jerusalem (2018) Nominated for Donald O’Hara Faculty Prize for Excellence in Teaching – Harvard Medical School (2014) Rector Award – Roskilde University (2013) Academics Stand Against Poverty (ASAP) Award – Yale University (2011) Mark S. Ehrenreich Prize in Healthcare Ethics Research – International Association of Bioethics and USC (2010) – For best paper in the International Association of Bioethics Congress, with coauthor Neema Sofaer. Young Scholar Award, Ethics and Public Life Program – Cornell University (2006)

Select publications Eyal N, Lipsitch M. How to Test Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccines Ethically Even After One Is Available, Clinical Infectious Diseases, ciab182, 26 February 2021. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab182. Accessed May 13, 2021. Steel R, Buchak L, Eyal N. Why continuing uncertainties are no reason to postpone challenge trials for coronavirus vaccines. Journal of Medical Ethics. 2020. DOI 10.1136/medethics-2020-106501. Eyal N, Halkitis PN. AIDS Activism and Coronavirus Vaccine Challenge Trials. AIDS and Behavior, 2020. Eyal N, Lipsitch M, Smith PG. Human challenge studies to accelerate coronavirus vaccine licensure. J Infect Dis. 2020;221:1752. Eyal N. The benefit/risk ratio challenge in clinical research, and the case of HIV cure: an introduction. J Med Ethics. 2017;43:65–6. Eyal N. How to keep high-risk studies ethical: classifying candidate solutions. J Med Ethics. 2017;43:74–7. Eyal N. Why Challenge Trials of SARS‐CoV‐2 Vaccines Could Be Ethical Despite Risk of Severe Adverse Events. Ethics & Human Research. 2020. Eyal N, Lipsitch M, Smith PG. Human challenge studies to accelerate coronavirus vaccine licensure. 2020. The Journal of infectious diseases 221 (11), 1752–1756. Brown MJ, Goodwin J, Liddell K, Martin S, Palmer S, Firth P, N Eyal, ... Allocating Medical Resources in the Time of COVID-19. The New England journal of medicine 2020:382 Eyal N, Lipsitch M. Ethical Comparators in Coronavirus Vaccine Trials. Eyal N, Hurst SA, Murray CJL, Wikler D, Schroeder SA. Measuring the Global Burden of Disease: Philosophical Dimensions. Oxford University Press, USA. 2020. Eyal N, Wikler D. Ethical complexities of responding to bystander risk in HIV prevention trials. Clinical Trials 2020:16(5), 458–460. Google Scholar list of publications by Nir Eyal

Personal life Eyal is married to literary critic Leah Price. They have one son and live in Princeton, New Jersey. Eyal is a member of Giving What We Can, a community of people who have pledged to give at least 10% of their income to effective charities.

See also Bat-borne virus Effective altruism Human challenge study Informed consent Risk–benefit ratio Zoonosis

References

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Nir Eyal (bioethicist)

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Nir Eyal (bioethicist) claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Nir Eyal (bioethicist) before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Nir Eyal (bioethicist) ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Nir Eyal (bioethicist)

In research: Nir Eyal (bioethicist) appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Nir Eyal (bioethicist) in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Nir Eyal (bioethicist) is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1970 births, Alumni of the University of Oxford, Bioethicists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Nir Eyal (bioethicist) outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Nir Eyal (bioethicist) in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Nir Eyal (bioethicist) means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Nir Eyal (bioethicist) out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Nir Eyal (bioethicist) in simple terms?

Why does Nir Eyal (bioethicist) matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Nir Eyal (bioethicist)?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Nir Eyal (bioethicist).