Nomadinae is a subfamily of bees in the family Apidae. They are known commonly as cuckoo bees. This subfamily is entirely kleptoparasitic. They occur worldwide, and use many different types of bees as hosts. As parasites, they lack a pollen-carrying scopa, and are often extraordinarily wasp-like in appearance. All known species share the behavioral trait of females entering host nests when the host is absent, and inserting their eggs into the wall of the host cell; the larval parasite emerges later, after the cell has been closed by the host female, and kills the host larva. The first-instar larvae of nomadines are specially adapted for this, and possess long mandibles they use to kill the host larva, though these mandibles are lost as soon as the larva molts to the second instar, at which point it simply feeds on the pollen/nectar provisions. A behavioral habit shared by adults of various genera with males of many other bee species, who also do not possess a nest to return to, is that they frequently rest while grasping onto plant stems or leaves with only their mandibles.
Systematics Tribes and genera include:
Tribe Ammobatini Ammobates Chiasmognathus Melanempis Oreopasites Parammobatodes Pasites Sphecodopsis Spinopasites Tribe Ammobatoidini Aethammobates Ammobatoides Holcopasites Schmiedeknechtia Tribe Brachynomadini Brachynomada Kelita Paranomada Trichonomada Triopasites Tribe Caenoprosopidini Caenoprosopina Caenoprosopis Tribe Epeolini Doeringiella Epeolus Odyneropsis Pseudepeolus Rhinepeolus Rhogepeolus Thalestria Triepeolus Tribe Hexepeolini Hexepeolus Tribe Neolarrini Biastes Neolarra Neopasites Rhopalolemma Schwarzia Townsendiella Tribe Nomadini Nomada
Notes
References
Michener, C. D. (2000). The Bees of the World, Johns Hopkins University Press.
