chemistry

Norbert Bischofberger

Norbert Bischofberger is a chemistry topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Norbert Bischofberger rather than just read about it. In short: Dr. Norbert Bischofberger (born 10 January 1956 in Mellau, Austria) is an Austrian scientist.

Key takeaways

Norbert Bischofberger belongs to chemistry; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Norbert Bischofberger to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Norbert Bischofberger from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Dr. Norbert Bischofberger (born 10 January 1956 in Mellau, Austria) is an Austrian scientist. He is one of the inventors of the antiviral drug Tamiflu generically known as oseltamivir, to treat influenza A and B as well as the 2009 Pandemic H1N1 (swine flu), the spread of which caused an ongoing pandemic in 2009. During his tenure at Gilead Sciences, Bischofberger helped lead the development of other antiviral drugs for infectious diseases, such as Truvada for HIV and Sovaldi for hepatitis C. Bischofberger was the President & Chief Executive Officer of Kronos Bio, and previously was the Executive Vice President, Research and Development and Chief Scientific Officer at Gilead Sciences, a biopharmaceutical company specializing in antivirals.

Education Bischofberger has received a Bachelor of Science in Chemistry from the University of Innsbruck, a Ph.D. in Organic Chemistry at the ETH Zurich with Oskar Jeger, and has done postdoctoral work at Harvard University with George M. Whitesides and Syntex Research.

Tamiflu He worked as part of the DNA synthesis group at Genentech from 1986 to 1990, before joining Gilead in 1990 as Director of Organic Chemistry. In 1993, he began work, as head of a team, to create Tamiflu. In 1996, clinical studies were carried out on the drug, which was the first orally active commercially developed anti-influenza medication. Explaining the motivation behind this, he said, "We decided to create a pill and not a medication to inhale because especially people who suffer from influenza struggle with breathing difficulties. And the agent would only reach the lung," Three years later, the right to market and develop Tamiflu were sold to Roche, with Bischofberger and Gilead retaining the intellectual rights to it. Bischofberger has publicly displayed pessimism over the risk viruses pose, saying, "I think the threat by new bacterial or viral agents is higher than the potential of a nuclear war."

Other activities Kronos Bio, President & Chief Executive Officer, Member of the Board of Directors (since 2018) Morphic Therapeutics, Member of the Board of Directors (since 2019) Bayer, Member of the supervisory board (since 2017) InCarda Therapeutics, Member of the Board of Directors (since 2016)

References

External links Forbes.com profile

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Norbert Bischofberger

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Norbert Bischofberger claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In chemistry, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Norbert Bischofberger before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Norbert Bischofberger ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Norbert Bischofberger

In research: Norbert Bischofberger appears in chemistry research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Norbert Bischofberger in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Norbert Bischofberger is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1954 births, 20th-century Austrian chemists, 21st-century Austrian scientists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Norbert Bischofberger outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Norbert Bischofberger in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Norbert Bischofberger means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Norbert Bischofberger out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Norbert Bischofberger in simple terms?

Dr. Norbert Bischofberger (born 10 January 1956 in Mellau, Austria) is an Austrian scientist.

Why does Norbert Bischofberger matter?

Because it connects several chemistry ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Norbert Bischofberger?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Norbert Bischofberger.