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Norman R. Augustine

Norman R. Augustine is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Norman R. Augustine rather than just read about it. In short: Norman Ralph "Norm" Augustine (born July 27, 1935) is a U.S. aerospace businessman who served as United States Under Secretary of the Army from 1975 to 1977. Augustine served as chairman and CEO of the Lockheed Martin Corporation.

Norman R. Augustine — main illustration
Norman R. Augustine — illustration

Key takeaways

  • Norman R. Augustine belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
  • Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
  • Connect Norman R. Augustine to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
  • Reproduce the core statement of Norman R. Augustine from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Norman Ralph "Norm" Augustine (born July 27, 1935) is a U.S. aerospace businessman who served as United States Under Secretary of the Army from 1975 to 1977. Augustine served as chairman and CEO of the Lockheed Martin Corporation. He was chairman of the Review of United States Human Space Flight Plans Committee. In 1983, Augustine was elected as a member into the National Academy of Engineering for imaginative blending of the skills of engineer, analyst, and manager to accomplish important aerospace engineering projects.

Early life and education Augustine was raised in Colorado, "an only child in the mountains," and the first of his family to have the opportunity to attend college. He attended Princeton University, from where he graduated magna cum laude with a B.S.E. in Aeronautical Engineering and an M.S.E. He completed a 295-page senior thesis titled "Preliminary Design for a Supersonic Trainer" with John W. Bittig and Douglas N. Beatty. He was elected to Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Beta Pi and Sigma Xi.

Career In 1958, he joined the Douglas Aircraft Company in California, where he worked as a research engineer, program manager and chief engineer. Beginning in 1965, he served in the Office of the Secretary of Defense as Assistant Director of Defense Research and Engineering. He joined LTV Missiles and Space Company in 1970, serving as vice president of advanced programs and marketing. In 1973 he returned to the government as Assistant Secretary of the Army and in 1975 became Under Secretary of the Army, and later Acting Secretary of the Army. Joining Martin Marietta Corporation in 1977 as vice president of technical operations, he was elected as CEO in 1987 and chairman in 1988, having previously been president and COO. In 1990, he chaired the Advisory Committee on the Future of the U.S. Space Program, known as the Augustine Committee. He served as president of the Lockheed Martin Corporation upon the formation of that company in 1995, and became CEO later that year. He retired as CEO of Lockheed Martin in April 1997 to join the faculty of Princeton University in September 1997, where he served as a lecturer until July 1999. In 1999 he helped found In-Q-Tel, a venture capital firm sponsored by the CIA with a mandate to support United States intelligence by investing in advanced technology. Augustine was chairman and principal officer of the American Red Cross for nine years, chairman of the National Academy of Engineering, president and chairman of the Association of the United States Army, chairman of the Aerospace Industries Association, and chairman of the Defense Science Board. He is a former president of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics and the Boy Scouts of America. He is a former member of the board of directors of ConocoPhillips, Black & Decker, Procter & Gamble and Lockheed Martin, and was a member of the board of trustees of Colonial Williamsburg. He is a regent of the University System of Maryland, trustee emeritus of Johns Hopkins and a former member of the board of trustees of Princeton and MIT. He is a member of the advisory board to the Department of Homeland Security, was a member of the Hart/Rudman Commission on National Security, and served for 16 years on the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology. He is a member of the guiding coalition of the Project on National Security Reform. He is a member of the American Philosophical Society, the National Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the Explorers Club. In May 2009, Augustine was named as chairman of the Review of United States Human Space Flight Plans Committee, which was tasked to review NASA's plans for the Moon, Mars and beyond. In March 2011, Augustine agreed to serve as chair of the U.S. Antarctic Program Blue Ribbon Panel to assess U.S. activities in the South Pole. In July 2011, Augustine became a member of the United States Energy Security Council, which seeks to diminish oil's monopoly over the US transportation sector and is sponsored by the Institute for the Analysis of Global Security (IAGS). He currently sits on the America Abroad Media advisory board, the advisory board of Feynman School, a school for academically gifted children in STEM fields, and on the board of advisors of the Code of Support Foundation, a nonprofit military services organization. He currently serves on the Board of Managers for the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory.

… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.

Illustrations

Norman R. Augustine illustration
Norman R. Augustine: Graphical plot of Augustine's law Number XVI: "In the year 2054, the entire defense budget will purchase just one aircraft."[14]
Graphical plot of Augustine's law Number XVI: "In the year 2054, the entire defense budget will purchase just one aircraft."[14]

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Norman R. Augustine

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Norman R. Augustine claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Norman R. Augustine before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Norman R. Augustine ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Norman R. Augustine

In research
Norman R. Augustine appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry
Engineering practice reuses Norman R. Augustine in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom
Norman R. Augustine is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1935 births, ASME Medal recipients, American businesspeople in aerospace, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life
Look for Norman R. Augustine outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.
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How to study Norman R. Augustine in 20 minutes

  1. Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
  2. Close the page and write down what Norman R. Augustine means in your own words.
  3. Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
  4. Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
  5. Explain Norman R. Augustine out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Norman R. Augustine in simple terms?

Norman Ralph "Norm" Augustine (born July 27, 1935) is a U.S. aerospace businessman who served as United States Under Secretary of the Army from 1975 to 1977. Augustine served as chairman and CEO of the Lockheed Martin Corporation.

Why does Norman R. Augustine matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Norman R. Augustine?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Norman R. Augustine.

Tags

  • 1935 births
  • ASME Medal recipients
  • American businesspeople in aerospace
  • American chairpersons of corporations
  • American chief executives in technology
  • Benjamin Franklin Medal (Franklin Institute) laureates
  • Businesspeople from Colorado
  • Businesspeople from Denver
  • Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
  • Ford administration personnel
  • Living people
  • Lockheed Martin people

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