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Norman Surplus

Norman Surplus is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Norman Surplus rather than just read about it. In short: Norman Surplus (7 February 1963 – 19 April 2022) was a pilot from Northern Ireland who circumnavigated the globe in an autogyro, nicknamed "Roxy". His trip began in 2010 and ended on 28 June 2019.

Norman Surplus — main illustration
Norman Surplus — illustration

Key takeaways

  • Norman Surplus belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
  • Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
  • Connect Norman Surplus to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
  • Reproduce the core statement of Norman Surplus from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Norman Surplus (7 February 1963 – 19 April 2022) was a pilot from Northern Ireland who circumnavigated the globe in an autogyro, nicknamed "Roxy". His trip began in 2010 and ended on 28 June 2019. In 2010, during the first leg of his trip, Surplus flew over Europe, the Middle East, Asia, and North America. In June 2015, Surplus commenced the second leg of his journey by flying through the United States and crossing the Atlantic Ocean to eventually land in Larne, Northern Ireland in August 2015, becoming the first person to cross the Atlantic in an autogyro. In 2019, he completed the last leg of his journey when he finally obtained permission from the Russian Federation to fly through its airspace. He left Larne on Easter Monday in 2019, and flew through Russia to eventually reach the United States and land at the Evergreen Aviation and Space Museum in Oregon completing his circumnavigation of the globe in an autogyro. Surplus's AutoGyro MT-03 is currently displayed at the EAA Aviation Museum initially to remain there for the duration of AirVenture 2020. Surplus took nine years to complete his journey around the world, and flew over 32 countries, over a total distance of 27,000 miles (43,000 km). In a 2015 interview with the CBC, while on a stopover at Iqaluit, Canada, Surplus mentioned that the trip should have taken approximately four months but the problems with obtaining permission to fly over Russia, which persisted for three years, derailed his plans.

Personal life In 2003, at 40 years of age, Surplus was diagnosed with bowel cancer and his probability of surviving for another 18 months was estimated at 40%. During his treatment period, he became interested in autogyros after watching a TV show about the rebuilding of an autogyro found in a barn. When he recovered he obtained his autogyro pilot's licence by attending a specialist school in the UK. Upon graduating, he flew by autogyro from Cumbria across the Irish Sea to Northern Ireland. After researching the topic of autogyro flying, Surplus discovered that there were no successful attempts at circumnavigating the globe in an autogyro, so he decided he would attempt it himself. His other occupations included being a video game designer, wind-farmer and lifeboat captain. A book on his round-the-world trip was published 2022.

Circumnavigation of the world In a 2015 interview with the CBC, Surplus mentioned that the trip should have taken approximately four months but the problems with obtaining permission to fly over Russia, which persisted for three years, derailed his plans. The major phases of his journey are as follows:

2010–2014 In 2010, Surplus commenced his global trip in an autogyro departing from Larne, Northern Ireland and flying over Europe, the Middle East, and Asia, finally reaching Japan after flying for approximately a year. While flying in Thailand he had to crash land in a lake. During his 2010 trip, his overflights included France, Italy, Greece, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, UAE, Oman, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, and Japan. After landing in Japan, Surplus planned to fly through Russia on his way to the United States. His flight plan at the time included flying to Vladivostok, and then to Chukotka in the Russian Far East, followed by an entry to Alaska on the way to the contiguous United States. Although he had obtained permission from Russia to fly over its territory, due to subsequent delays, the permit expired and he had to reapply. In the interim, the international political climate involving Russia had worsened, and that led to bureaucratic delays from the Russians, who now withheld flight permission from Surplus. This led to Surplus's autogyro remaining in Japan for the following three years. Surplus considered various other circumnavigation routes, but, in 2014, he finally decided to ship the autogyro to Tacoma, Washington from where it went to the Evergreen Air and Space Museum in McMinnville, Oregon, to be stored for the winter. In 2013, Surplus appealed directly to Russian president Vladimir Putin, during Putin's visit to Northern Ireland, asking to be given permission to fly through Russia. The trip was also delayed further due to strong winds and inclement weather.

2015 On 1 June 2015, Surplus resumed his flight around the world starting from Oregon, flying through Wyoming and other US states, Canada, and across the North Atlantic, by way of Greenland and the Faroe Islands. From there, he reached the UK and made a brief stop at Stornoway on the Isle of Lewis on 11 August 2015, after which he flew to Gigha and then to Sandy Bay, near Larne, his hometown, landing there on the same day. In the 2015 leg of the trip, Surplus flew a distance of 7,500 miles (12,100 km). At the time, Surplus set 19 FAI world records, ", and becoming the first person to cross the Atlantic in an autogyro. The latter record is known as the "Blue Riband record", and was awarded to Surplus for crossing the Atlantic from the North American exit point of Belfast, Maine with final destination Larne, Northern Ireland.

… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.

Illustrations

Norman Surplus: Surplus and his autogyro during his circumnavigation attempt at Kadena Air Base in 2011
Surplus and his autogyro during his circumnavigation attempt at Kadena Air Base in 2011

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Norman Surplus

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Norman Surplus claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Norman Surplus before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Norman Surplus ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Norman Surplus

In research
Norman Surplus appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry
Engineering practice reuses Norman Surplus in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom
Norman Surplus is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1963 births, 2010 in Northern Ireland, 2010 in aviation, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life
Look for Norman Surplus outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Norman Surplus in 20 minutes

  1. Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
  2. Close the page and write down what Norman Surplus means in your own words.
  3. Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
  4. Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
  5. Explain Norman Surplus out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Norman Surplus in simple terms?

Norman Surplus (7 February 1963 – 19 April 2022) was a pilot from Northern Ireland who circumnavigated the globe in an autogyro, nicknamed "Roxy". His trip began in 2010 and ended on 28 June 2019.

Why does Norman Surplus matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Norman Surplus?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Norman Surplus.

Tags

  • 1963 births
  • 2010 in Northern Ireland
  • 2010 in aviation
  • 2015 in Northern Ireland
  • 2015 in aviation
  • 2019 in Northern Ireland
  • 2019 in aviation
  • 2022 deaths
  • 20th-century people from Northern Ireland
  • 21st-century people from Northern Ireland
  • Aviation in Northern Ireland
  • British aviation record holders

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