science

North American Waterfowl Management Plan

North American Waterfowl Management Plan is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand North American Waterfowl Management Plan rather than just read about it. In short: The North American Waterfowl Management Plan (NAWMP) is an international plan to conserve waterfowl and migratory birds in North America. It was established in 1986 by Canada and the United States, and expanded to include Mexico in 1994.

Key takeaways

North American Waterfowl Management Plan belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect North American Waterfowl Management Plan to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of North American Waterfowl Management Plan from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

The North American Waterfowl Management Plan (NAWMP) is an international plan to conserve waterfowl and migratory birds in North America. It was established in 1986 by Canada and the United States, and expanded to include Mexico in 1994. In the United States, it was authorized by the North American Wetlands Conservation Act of 1989 (P.L. 101-233), and is administered by the Fish and Wildlife Service, with USDA agencies participating as appropriate. Projects of this plan are "international in scope, but implemented at regional levels".

History Critical to the populations of migratory birds, wetlands in Canada and the United States had disappeared as a result of development since the days of early European settlement in both countries. By 1985, at least 53 percent of wetlands in the contiguous United States and a minimum of 29 percent of wetlands in Canada had been destroyed. This led to plummeting populations of waterfowl, which reached "record lows" in 1985. In 1986, the Canadian and U.S. governments signed the North American Waterfowl Management Plan, through their representatives: Thomas McMillan, the Minister of the Environment for Canada, and Donald Hodel, the Secretary of the Interior for the United States. Mexico joined the program in 1988, and became a signatory to the conservation action plan in 1994. In Canada, the program was officially launched in 1989 with the founding of the Eastern Habitat Joint Venture. The goal of the venture is to protect and enhance wetlands in eastern Canada which are important to migratory birds in the Atlantic Flyway, and to a lesser extent those in the Mississippi Flyway. Later, the Prairie Habitat Joint Venture was created to manage activities in Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba, and twelve such joint ventures exist today. These include four joint ventures to protect habitats, and three to protect species. In 2000, the NAWMP Science Support Team was established to provide technical advice and consultation to the North American Waterfowl Management Plan. It consists of one representative from each nation, appointed by the Plan committee's co-chairs, and members from associated joint ventures and flyway councils.

Habitat joint ventures Joint ventures manage and operate programs of regional scope within the North American Waterfowl Management Plan. Eighteen such ventures exist plus three species-based joint ventures.

Canada Eastern Habitat Joint Venture for activities in Ontario, Quebec, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island; formed in 1989 Prairie Habitat Joint Venture for activities in Northern British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba, including the Boreal Forest Canadian Intermountain Joint Venture - the interior region of British Columbia Pacific Birds Habitat Joint Venture - International (see US Habitat Joint Ventures): in Canada, coastal areas of British Columbia

United States Appalachian Mountains Joint Venture Atlantic Coast Joint Venture Central Hardwoods Joint Venture Central Valley Joint Venture - for activities in the California Central Valley East Gulf Coastal Plain Gulf Coast Joint Venture - coastal areas of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama Intermountain West Joint Venture formed in 1994 Lower Mississippi Valley Joint Venture Northern Great Plains Joint Venture Oaks and Prairies Joint Venture Pacific Birds Habitat Joint Venture - International (see Canadian Habitat Joint Ventures), includes coastal areas of Washington, Oregon, Alaska, and northern California and Hawaii Playa Lakes Joint Venture Prairie Pothole Joint Venture Rio Grande Joint Venture Rainwater Basin Joint Venture San Francisco Bay Joint Venture - for activities in San Francisco Bay and surrounding counties Sonoran Joint Venture Upper Mississippi River and Great Lakes Region Joint Venture

Species joint ventures Three species joint ventures currently exist:

Arctic Goose Joint Venture Black Duck Joint Venture Sea Duck Joint Venture

Activities By 2007, $827 million had been spent in Canada to purchase and enhance waterfowl habitats encompassing 4.4 million acres (18,000 km²). In total, joint ventures have invested $4.5 billion to protect 15.7 million acres (64,000 km²) of such habitats. The plan coordinates activities with other organizations, such as Ducks Unlimited.

References

External links Map of North American Bird Habitat Joint Ventures from North American Bird Conservation Initiative

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with North American Waterfowl Management Plan

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what North American Waterfowl Management Plan claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to North American Waterfowl Management Plan before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about North American Waterfowl Management Plan ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of North American Waterfowl Management Plan

In research: North American Waterfowl Management Plan appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses North American Waterfowl Management Plan in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: North American Waterfowl Management Plan is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1986 establishments in Canada, 1986 establishments in the United States, Bird conservation, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for North American Waterfowl Management Plan outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study North American Waterfowl Management Plan in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what North American Waterfowl Management Plan means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain North American Waterfowl Management Plan out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is North American Waterfowl Management Plan in simple terms?

Why does North American Waterfowl Management Plan matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study North American Waterfowl Management Plan?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on North American Waterfowl Management Plan.