science

North Greenland Ice Core Project

North Greenland Ice Core Project is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand North Greenland Ice Core Project rather than just read about it. In short: The drilling site of the North Greenland Ice Core Project (NGRIP or NorthGRIP) is near the center of Greenland (75.1 N, 42.32 W, 2917 m, ice thickness 3085). Drilling began in 1999 and was completed at bedrock in 2003.

Key takeaways

North Greenland Ice Core Project belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect North Greenland Ice Core Project to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of North Greenland Ice Core Project from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

The drilling site of the North Greenland Ice Core Project (NGRIP or NorthGRIP) is near the center of Greenland (75.1 N, 42.32 W, 2917 m, ice thickness 3085). Drilling began in 1999 and was completed at bedrock in 2003. The cores are cylinders of ice 11 centimeters in diameter that were brought to the surface in 3.5-meter lengths. The NGRIP site was chosen to extract a long and undisturbed record stretching into the last glacial, and it succeeded. The site was chosen for a flat basal topography to avoid the flow distortions that render the bottom of the GRIP and GISP cores unreliable. Unusually, there is melting at the bottom of the NGRIP core – believed to be due to a high geothermal heat flux locally. This has the advantage that the bottom layers are less compressed by thinning than they would otherwise be: NGRIP annual layers at 10.5 kyr age are 1.1 cm thick, twice the GRIP thicknesses at equal age. The NGRIP record helps to resolve a problem with the GRIP and GISP2 records – the unreliability of the Eemian Stage portion of the record. NGRIP covers 5 kyr of the Eemian, and shows that temperatures then were roughly as stable as the pre-industrial Holocene temperatures were. This is confirmed by sediment cores, in particular MD95-2042. In 2003, NGRIP recovered what seem to be plant remnants nearly two miles below the surface, and they may be several million years old. "Several of the pieces look very much like blades of grass or pine needles," said University of Colorado at Boulder geological sciences Professor James White, an NGRIP principal investigator. "If confirmed, this will be the first organic material ever recovered from a deep ice-core drilling project," he said.

See also Bølling–Allerød warming Greenlandian Northgrippian

References

External links The original web page of the NGRIP project with field diaries and pictures.

https://web.archive.org/web/20120101002118/http://www.gfy.ku.dk/~www-glac/ngrip/index_eng.htm The NGRIP project was run by an international consortium of scientists, and drilling and logistics were managed by what is now called Centre for Ice and Climate at the Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. This research centre maintains a web page about ice core research:

http://www.iceandclimate.nbi.ku.dk/research/drill_analysing/history_drilling/search_eemian/ Archived 2018-07-09 at the Wayback Machine

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with North Greenland Ice Core Project

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what North Greenland Ice Core Project claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to North Greenland Ice Core Project before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about North Greenland Ice Core Project ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of North Greenland Ice Core Project

In research: North Greenland Ice Core Project appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses North Greenland Ice Core Project in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: North Greenland Ice Core Project is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 20th century in the Arctic, 21st century in the Arctic, Arctic research, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for North Greenland Ice Core Project outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

Ask Teacher Smith questions about this articleOpens your AI tutor with a question about “North Greenland Ice Core Project” →

Affiliate

Preply — study more efficiently by working with a personal tutor. 50% off.

How to study North Greenland Ice Core Project in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what North Greenland Ice Core Project means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain North Greenland Ice Core Project out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is North Greenland Ice Core Project in simple terms?

Why does North Greenland Ice Core Project matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study North Greenland Ice Core Project?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on North Greenland Ice Core Project.