earth science

Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument

Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument is a earth science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument rather than just read about it. In short: The Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument is a marine national monument of the United States off the coast of New England, on the seaward edge of Georges Bank. It was created by President Barack Obama on September 15, 2016, as the first U.S. marine national monument in the Atlantic Ocean.

Key takeaways

Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument belongs to earth science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

The Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument is a marine national monument of the United States off the coast of New England, on the seaward edge of Georges Bank. It was created by President Barack Obama on September 15, 2016, as the first U.S. marine national monument in the Atlantic Ocean. The area includes four underwater mountains and three deep-sea canyons. It is home to endangered whales and other rare species, some found nowhere else in the world.

Geography and geology The Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument is located within the New England and mid-Atlantic regions, 130 miles southeast of Cape Cod. It comprises a total area of 4,913 square miles, and protects four underwater seamounts (Bear, Mytilus, Physalia, and Retriever seamounts) and three submarine canyons in the edge of the continental shelf (Oceanographer, Lydonia, and Gilbert).

Biology and ecology The area is home to rare and endangered species, including sperm whales, fin whales, sei whales and Kemp’s ridley sea turtles. According to marine scientists who have studied the area, it is an area of high biological diversity, containing many "hot spots" of seafloor and epipelagic life, as well as providing ecological connectivity across depths and along the continental margin. As such, it provides a relatively undisturbed reference site for future ecological research and on climate change impacts, promising many scientific discoveries.

Creation President Barack Obama designated the Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument (NCSMNM) on September 21, 2016, by signing Proclamation 9496. This action was based on the power to proclaim national monuments granted by the U.S. Congress under the Antiquities Act of 1906 to the president. The Monument, which is located off the coast of New England, was the first fully protected marine reserve in the Atlantic Ocean. According to a White House press release, the Monument was created in response to half a century of calls to protect the area, due to its importance as a biodiversity hotspot, habitat for numerous rare and endangered species, and a valuable scientific and historical site. According to the Proclamation, the Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument is the smallest area feasible to provide necessary management; designating a smaller zone would lead to an inaccurate interpretation and protection of biodiversity within the fragile area. The designation of the Marine National Monument occurred after numerous meetings and deliberations with stakeholders including conservationists, community members, fishermen, and local businesses; administrative officials gathered social, economic, and environmental data to inform the creation of the Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument. Residing at depths of ~4,000 meters, deep sea corals and other foundational species are highly sensitive to anthropogenic disturbances such as bottom trawling and mining extractions. The objective of the Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument is to maintain biodiversity for research, while encouraging and providing support to fisheries to become more efficient, resilient, and sustainable. Within three years, following the creation of the Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument, NOAA and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service will administer a management plan for the area, adapting to requests and changes. Under the monument's status, stakeholders would continue to be engaged throughout the process through meetings with administrators. The final designation of the Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument protects 40% of the originally proposed area, after intense deliberation, considering equity to those affected. Areas within the Marine National Monument will remain open to recreational fishing and all military activity. Subsequent to the creation of the Marine National Monument, a 60-day transition period was allowed for all commercial industries, besides the Atlantic Lobster and Deep-Sea Red Crab fisheries, which were permitted to continue fishing in the area for seven years after the creation of the monument. In order to evolve fishing industries into sustainable businesses, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) was tasked to provide commercial fisheries with access to updated vessels and equipment, increasing efficiency and minimizing cost, as well as beneficial services to commercial fisheries, such as stock assessments and marine surveys. The monument area is also withdrawn from leasing for energy development. Two months after the monument's creation, President Obama also withdraw 26 additional canyons along the Outer Continental Shelf to the northeast and southwest of the monument from future mineral leasing.

… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In earth science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument

In research: Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument appears in earth science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 2016 establishments in the United States, Atlantic Ocean, Marine reserves of the United States, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument in simple terms?

Why does Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument matter?

Because it connects several earth science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument.