science

Novosphingobium pentaromativorans

Novosphingobium pentaromativorans is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Novosphingobium pentaromativorans rather than just read about it. In short: Novosphingobium pentaromativorans is a species of high-molecular-mass polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium. It is Gram-negative, yellow-pigmented and halophilic.

Key takeaways

Novosphingobium pentaromativorans belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Novosphingobium pentaromativorans to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Novosphingobium pentaromativorans from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Novosphingobium pentaromativorans is a species of high-molecular-mass polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium. It is Gram-negative, yellow-pigmented and halophilic. The genome of the type strain US6-1T (=KCTC 10454T =JCM 12182T) has been sequenced, revealing the presence of two plasmids. The larger of these plasmids contains the majority of the aromatic-hydrocarbon degrading genes and has been implicated in studies to play an important role in degrading bicyclic aromatic compounds.This ability to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and alkylated PAHs suggests N. pentaromativorans may be used for bioremediation.

Characteristics Novosphingobium pentaromativorans is a gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria that forms colonies with a yellow pigment. It is a moderately halophilic, non-motile, nitrate reductase-positive, facultative anaerobe. N. pentaromativorans was first isolated from estuarine sediments in Ulsan Bay, Republic of Korea in 2004. It was originally cultured on marine agar and tryptic soy agar and has optimal growth at 30°C. Additionally, ideal growth is observed with media containing a NaCl concentration of 2.5% and a pH of 6.5. Importantly, N. pentaromativorans possesses the ability to degrade high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs as well as alkylated PAHs such as 1-methylphenanthrene. N. pentaromativorans US6-1 was sequenced in 2012, resulting in a genome of 5,096,413 bp with 63.1% GC content and the identification of two plasmids, designated pLA1 and pLA2. The larger plasmid, pLA1 was 188,476 bp in length with 62.6% GC content. The secondary plasmid, pLA2, is composed of 60,085 bp and has 60.2% GC content. The genome of N. pentaromativorans US6-1 showed homology to the genome of N. aromaticivorans DSM 12444, another species belonging to the Novosphigobium genus, which can degrade mono- and bi-aromatic hydrocarbons. Additionally, the conjugative region of pLA1 showed homology to N. aromaticivorans plasmid pNL1 and to the plasmid pCAR3 of Sphingomonas sp. strain KA1.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation One of the most studied qualities of N. pentaromativorans is its ability to degrade high molecular weight (HMW) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). HMW PAHs are a toxic environmental pollutant that are often resistant to microbial degradation. Because of this, organisms that are capable of degrading these HMW PAHs are of high interest as potential candidates for bioremediation of PAH-contaminated environments. Further, N. pentaromativorans has been used to study the proteins used in the degradation of PAHs, resulting in the identification of multiple enzymes involved in the process including 4-hydroxybenzoate 3-monooxygenase, salicylaldehyde dehydrogenase, and the PAH ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase alpha subunit. N. pentaromativorans is capable of degrading HMW PAHs with two to five aromatic rings. It does this using the enzyme ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase and through further processing in either the o-phthalate pathway or salicylate pathway. Following these pathways, products are used in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and mineralized to CO2. Several of the genes used in HMW PAH degradation are found on the chromosomal genome of N. pentaromativorans, but the PAH catabolic region primarily responsible for PAH degradation are located on pLA1.

References

Further reading Staley, James T., et al. "Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology, vol. 3."Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, MD (1989): 2250–2251.

External links LPSN Type strain of Novosphingobium pentaromativorans at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Novosphingobium pentaromativorans

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Novosphingobium pentaromativorans claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Novosphingobium pentaromativorans before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Novosphingobium pentaromativorans ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Novosphingobium pentaromativorans

In research: Novosphingobium pentaromativorans appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Novosphingobium pentaromativorans in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Novosphingobium pentaromativorans is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Alphaproteobacteria stubs, Bacteria described in 2004, Halophiles, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Novosphingobium pentaromativorans outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Novosphingobium pentaromativorans in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Novosphingobium pentaromativorans means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Novosphingobium pentaromativorans out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Novosphingobium pentaromativorans in simple terms?

Novosphingobium pentaromativorans is a species of high-molecular-mass polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium. It is Gram-negative, yellow-pigmented and halophilic.

Why does Novosphingobium pentaromativorans matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Novosphingobium pentaromativorans?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Novosphingobium pentaromativorans.