physics

Nuclotron-based Ion Collider Facility

Nuclotron-based Ion Collider Facility is a physics topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Nuclotron-based Ion Collider Facility rather than just read about it. In short: NICA (Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility) is a particle collider complex being constructed by the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia to perform experiments such as Nuclotron ion beams extracted to a fixed target and colliding beams of ions, ions-protons, polarized protons and deuterons. The projected maximum kinetic energy of the accelerated ions is 4.5 GeV per nucleon, and 12.6 GeV for protons.

Key takeaways

Nuclotron-based Ion Collider Facility belongs to physics; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Nuclotron-based Ion Collider Facility to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Nuclotron-based Ion Collider Facility from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

NICA (Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility) is a particle collider complex being constructed by the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia to perform experiments such as Nuclotron ion beams extracted to a fixed target and colliding beams of ions, ions-protons, polarized protons and deuterons. The projected maximum kinetic energy of the accelerated ions is 4.5 GeV per nucleon, and 12.6 GeV for protons.

NICA setup Main elements of the NICA complex are:

Two-tier injection complex Booster Superconducting synchrotron Nuclotron Collider facility Multi-Purpose Detector (MPD) Spin Physics Detector (SPD) Beam transport channels. LU-20 injection device produces ions of 5 MeV/n energy. It is succeeded by three-staged Light Ion Linac (LILAc) that is capable of light particles acceleration up 7 MeV/n energy, 13 MeV proton acceleration section and a 20 MeV superconducting HWR proton accelerating section. Heavy-Ion Linac (HILAc), conceived in 2016 by the JNIR-Bevatech collaboration, accelerates heavy gold ions up to the energy of 3.2 MeV/n with beam intensity of 2 billion particles per pulse, and a repetition rate of 10 Hz. The gold ions are injected from a JNIR-made KRION superconducting electron-string heavy ion source. The Booster, a superconducting synchrotron, accumulates, cools and further accelerates heavy ions to 600 MeV/n energy. The booster's circumference is 211 meters, its magnetic structure is mounted inside the yoke of the Nuclotron. The Booster is supposed to ensure ultrahigh vacuum of 10−11 Torr. The Nuclotron to be used in NICA was constructed in 1987–1992. It is the world's first synchrotron based on fast cycling electromagnets of the 'window frame' type with superconducting coil. The collider is made of two identical 503-meter long storage rings with MPD and SPD placed in the middle of the opposite straight sections. Magnetic rigidity is up to 45 Tesla-meters, residual gas pressure in the beam chamber is below 10−10 Torr, maximum field in the dipole magnets – 1.8 T, kinetic energy of gold nuclei – 1.0 to 4.5 GeV/n. The beams are combined and separated in the vertical plane. Upon passing the section bringing them together, the particle bunches in the upper and lower rings travel along a common straight trajectory toward each other to collide at MPD and SPD. Single-aperture lenses are installed along the final focus sections to provide that both beams are focused at SPD and MPD. MPD facility is designed to study hadron matter at high temperatures and densities, where nucleons "melt" releasing their constituent quarks and gluons and forming a new state, the quark-gluon plasma. SPD facility allows to collide the polarized beams of protons and deuterons to study the particle spin physics.

Construction By 2013, an international tender for scientific equipment supply was completed selecting five core suppliers. Up to 2019, most of the equipment has been delivered and mounted. First tests began in late 2019. The construction that was initially scheduled to end in 2016 is now, as of 2020, to be accomplished by 2022.

References

External links Project website

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Nuclotron-based Ion Collider Facility

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Nuclotron-based Ion Collider Facility claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In physics, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Nuclotron-based Ion Collider Facility before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Nuclotron-based Ion Collider Facility ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Nuclotron-based Ion Collider Facility

In research: Nuclotron-based Ion Collider Facility appears in physics research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Nuclotron-based Ion Collider Facility in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Nuclotron-based Ion Collider Facility is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Particle accelerators, Particle physics facilities, Science and technology in Russia, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Nuclotron-based Ion Collider Facility outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Nuclotron-based Ion Collider Facility in 20 minutes

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Frequently asked questions

What is Nuclotron-based Ion Collider Facility in simple terms?

Why does Nuclotron-based Ion Collider Facility matter?

Because it connects several physics ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Nuclotron-based Ion Collider Facility?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Nuclotron-based Ion Collider Facility.