Nuphar japonica, known as East Asian yellow water-lily, is a perennial, aquatic, rhizomatous, herb in the family Nymphaeaceae native to Japan, Korea, and Russia. Nuphar japonica is one of three species in the genus Nuphar that is dispersed in the same geographical location of the Saijo Basin, an area in the Hiroshima Prefecture of Japan.
Description
Vegetative characteristics Nuphar japonica is a perennial, aquatic, rhizomatous, herb with 1–3 cm thick rhizomes. The leaves are submerged, floating, or emerged. The leaf blade is 12–35 cm long, and 6–18 cm wide. The terete petiole is 3–10(–14) mm wide.
Generative characteristics The yellow to red, solitary, 4–5 cm wide flowers have a long, cylindrical peduncle. The flowers have five sepals and 10–18 petals. The gynoecium consists of 15–16 carpels. The 2–3.5 cm long, and 1.6–2.3 cm wide, urceolate, green, long-necked fruit bears ovoid seeds.
Cytology The chromosome count is 2n = 34.
Taxonomy It was published by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in 1821. It is placed in the section Nuphar sect. Nuphar.
Natural hybrids Nuphar × saijoensis (Shimoda) Padgett is a natural hybrid between Nuphar japonica and Nuphar pumila.
Etymology The specific epithet japonica means of Japan.
Phytochemistry N. japonica contains the alkaloids nupharidin, 1-desoxynupharidin, nupharamine, methyl and ethyl esters of nupharamine. The fruits also contains the alkaloids (0.06%) nupharine, beta-nupharidin, desoxynupharidin. In the rhizomes are found the steroid sitosterol, alkaloids acids, higher fatty acids (palmitic, oleic acid) and the ellagitanins nupharin A, B, C, D, E and F.
Ecology
Habitat It occurs in lakes, ponds, and streams.
Use It is grown as an ornamental plant in aquaria, as well as in ponds.
See also List of freshwater aquarium plant species List of the vascular plants in the Red Data Book of Russia
References



