The Old Town Hall (German: Altes Rathaus), which dominates the east side of the Markt square in Leipzig's district Mitte, is considered one of Germany's most important secular Renaissance buildings. At the rear is the Naschmarkt (Sweet market). The mayor and the municipal administration have been housed in the New Town Hall since 1905.
Description The Old Town Hall is a landmark of Leipzig and is generally considered to be an extremely beautiful building. The impression of beauty comes from length, colour, uniformity and proportions. With two storeys and a length of more than 300 feet, the building would be long but not high, if there would not be the steep roof. The eaves edge is low, so the roof contributes significantly to the height. As far as its effect is concerned, it is receded into the background by the row of wall dormers (6 on the Marktplatz side, 7 on the Naschmarkt side) with their connecting horizontal lines. Compared to the length, the width of the house is also relatively small. The high staggered gables on the narrow sides are emphasized by strong horizontal cornices which is typical for that time in Saxony. The stone arcade on the market side, built between 1906 and 1909 and continuing on the narrow sides, represents another strong horizontal element. The elongated structure is interrupted by the octagonal stair tower, which stands on the market side next to the main portal, through which a passage from the market to the Naschmarkt is possible. Only two colors are used in total: the warm color tone of the Rochlitz porphyry and a matching beige or ocher tone for the wall plaster. The main portal is supported by two Ionic columns and flanked with so-called gaff heads (in German: Gaffkopf), which are supposed to represent the master builders. At second glance one discovers numerous other details such as the stone box oriels on the two gable ends, designed keystones, ornamental fountains, all kinds of commemorative plaques and finally a mullion on the south side. This is dated to 1230 and comes from a previous building, probably a tower house.
For all its symmetry, it is worth noting that the building has surprising asymmetrical elements, see below. According to Wolfgang Hocquél, such asymmetries are a hallmark of the German Renaissance. The Old Town Hall is essentially a Renaissance building that dates back to 1556. Some additions were made during the Baroque period and then again from 1906 to 1909. Parts of previous buildings were also reused.
History
Antecedant buildings In 1341, Frederick II, Margrave of Meissen, offered the Leipzig mercers a representative building south of the market, probably built in the Romanesque style at the end of the 13th century. This building corresponded approximately, in its location and size, to the current council chamber (Ratsstube) of the old town hall. Presumably, the city council was already exercising its functions here. The Leipzig Town Hall is mentioned for the first time in a document from 1360. Due to the growth of Leipzig and the consequent increase in the tasks of the city council, extensions were carried out on the north side of the Tuchhaus (Cloth hall). The two new buildings, which initially extended to the current passage, were erected on the foundations of the previous buildings, which also explains the "bend" of about three degrees in the longitudinal façade of the town hall between the first and the second wall dormer from the right. In the middle of the 15th century, it was connected to two other buildings north of the current passage. In December 1467, a new council chamber was completed. The construction of a stair tower above the passage and therefore the final fusion of the different buildings cannot be traced precisely. A stair tower is mentioned for the first time in 1476. The mercers moved into their own building in 1482. A year later, a secret room was created, which is a kind of mezzanine and can be visited today as the Aerar (treasure). In 1498, trade was flourishing at the time, it was decided to rebuild the town hall, but this became financially impossible.
Construction of the old town hall in 1556/57 Until the middle of the 16th century, there were fundamental structural changes, for example the town hall was widened by about four meters (13 feet) in the direction of the Naschmarkt, accompanied by an enlargement and elevation of the roof. The town hall was rebuilt in 1556/57 by the reigning mayor and major merchant Hieronymus Lotter and thus largely acquired its current exterior appearance in the Saxon Renaissance style. The first site manager was Paul Speck, to whom the design can probably attributed. He was followed by the master Paul Widemann after his death in early 1557. The town's master mason, Sittich Pfretzschner, was also involved. In addition to being the seat of the councillors, the old town hall also houses the Upper Court of Leipzig and the Court of Aldermen, the magistrate of the city, the archives of the council and prison cells housed in the cellar from the end of the 16th century. The ceremonial hall, with a length of about 40 m (131 ft.) was for a long time the largest event venue of the city and was therefore also used for public receptions and festivities. Hans Krell's paintings of Saxon princes, which have been in the ceremonial hall and the council chamber since 1553, were continually being completed.
Posterior alterations and additions From the 18th century, there was talk of increasing the height of the building. Finally, only the tower was raised by 2.80 m (9.2 ft.) by the master builder Christian Döring in Baroque style. At the end of the 19th century, the town hall finally proved too small for the booming city. Decades of discussions followed about demolishing the building and rebuilding it on the same site, or even selling the land for the construction of commercial buildings. The new town hall was finally built from 1899 on the place of the Pleissenburg. The preservation of the old town hall was decided in 1905 with a tie by the vote of the city council's president, Johannes Junck. After extensive renovations, it is to serve as the Leipzig City History Museum.
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