engineering

Oligopeptide P11-4

Oligopeptide P11-4 is a engineering topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Oligopeptide P11-4 rather than just read about it. In short: Oligopeptide P11-4 is a synthetic, pH controlled self-assembling peptide used for biomimetic mineralization e.g. for enamel regeneration or as an oral care agent. P11-4 (INCI name Oligopeptide 104) consists of the natural occurring amino acids Glutamine, Glutamic acid, Phenylalanine, Tryptophan and Arginine.

Key takeaways

Oligopeptide P11-4 belongs to engineering; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Oligopeptide P11-4 to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Oligopeptide P11-4 from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Oligopeptide P11-4 is a synthetic, pH controlled self-assembling peptide used for biomimetic mineralization e.g. for enamel regeneration or as an oral care agent. P11-4 (INCI name Oligopeptide 104) consists of the natural occurring amino acids Glutamine, Glutamic acid, Phenylalanine, Tryptophan and Arginine. The resulting higher molecular structure has a high affinity to tooth mineral. P11-4 has been developed and patented by The University of Leeds (UK). The Swiss company Credentis has licensed the peptide technology and markets it under the trade names including CUROLOX, REGENAMEL, and EMOFLUOR. They offer three products with this technology. As of June 2016 in Switzerland products are available with new Brand names from Dr. Wild & Co AG.

Mechanism of action P11-4 is an α-peptide that self-assembles into β-sheet amyloids with a hydrogel appearance at low pH. It builds a 3-D bio-matrix with binding sites for calcium ions serving as nucleation point for hydroxyapatite (tooth mineral) formation. The high affinity to tooth mineral is based on matching distances of Ca-ion binding sites on P11-4 and Ca spacing in the crystal lattice of hydroxyapatite. The matrix formation is pH controlled and thus allows control matrix activity and place of formation.

P11-4 in dental applications Self assembling properties of P11-4 are used to regenerate early caries lesions. By application of P11-4 on the tooth surface, the peptide diffuse through the intact hypomineralized plate into the early caries lesion body and start, due to the low pH in such a lesion, to self-assemble generating a peptide scaffold mimicking the enamel matrix. Around the newly formed matrix de-novo enamel-crystals are formed from calcium phosphate present in saliva. Through the remineralization caries activity is significantly reduced in comparison with a fluoride treatment alone. In aqueous oral care gels the peptide is present as matrix. It binds directly as matrix to the tooth mineral and forms a stable layer on the teeth. This layer does protect the teeth from acid attacks. It also occludes open dentin tubules and thus reduces the dental sensitivity.

Uses Treatment of initial caries lesions Regenerating enamel Dentin hypersensitivity Acid protection

Availability Availability of products containing P11-4 vary by country, with some products available only to dentists, and others available to the retail public. Medical device for caries treatment and enamel regeneration:

CURODONT REPAIR (EU) REGENAMEL (CH) Cosmetic products for acid protection and dentin desensitization:

CURODONT PROTECT (EU) EMOFLUOR PROTECT GEL PROFESSIONAL (CH) CURODONT D'SENZ (EU & CH) EMOFLUOR DESENS GEL PROFESSIONAL (CH) Candida Protect Professional (CH)

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Oligopeptide P11-4

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Oligopeptide P11-4 claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In engineering, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Oligopeptide P11-4 before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Oligopeptide P11-4 ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Oligopeptide P11-4

In research: Oligopeptide P11-4 appears in engineering research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Oligopeptide P11-4 in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Oligopeptide P11-4 is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Acetamides, Dental materials, Hendecapeptides, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Oligopeptide P11-4 outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Oligopeptide P11-4 in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Oligopeptide P11-4 means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Oligopeptide P11-4 out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Oligopeptide P11-4 in simple terms?

Why does Oligopeptide P11-4 matter?

Because it connects several engineering ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Oligopeptide P11-4?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Oligopeptide P11-4.