biology

Olivier Jules Richard

Olivier Jules Richard is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Olivier Jules Richard rather than just read about it. In short: Olivier Jules Richard (22 March 1836 – 7 January 1896) was a French botanist, mycologist and lichenologist who published on the anatomy and symbiosis of lichens. A native of La Mothe-Saint-Héray, he studied law in Paris.

Key takeaways

Olivier Jules Richard belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Olivier Jules Richard to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Olivier Jules Richard from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Olivier Jules Richard (22 March 1836 – 7 January 1896) was a French botanist, mycologist and lichenologist who published on the anatomy and symbiosis of lichens. A native of La Mothe-Saint-Héray, he studied law in Paris. He later served as procureur de république (prosecutor) in Marennes (1873–76), La Roche-sur-Yon (1876–85) and Poitiers (1885–91). In 1890 he became a member of the Société botanique de France. He was an outspoken opponent of Simon Schwendener's theory of lichenization.

Publications

Articles 1883. La synthèse byro-lichénique. 7 pp. (reprinted from Le naturaliste) 1884. "Les céphalodies des lichens et le Schwendenerisme". Guide scientifique: Journal de l'amateur des sciences: 4 pp. 1887. "Encore le Schwendenerisme". Revue Mycologique 9: 98–100. (2 pp.) 1891. Notice sur la culture de la ramie. 7 pp. (reprinted from Bulletin de la Société d'agriculture, belles-lettres, sciences et arts de Poitiers 1891, no. 309)

Books 1877. Catalogue des lichens des Deux-Sèvres. L. Clouzot. 50 pp. 1881. De la Culture, au point de vue ornemental, des plantes indigènes de la Vendée et des départements voisins. de L. Gasté. 99 pp. 1883. Étude sur les substratums des Lichens. L. Clouzot, 87 pp. 1884. L'autonomie des lichens: ou, Réfutation du Schwendenérisme. Lechevalier. 59 pp. 1884. Instructions pratiques pour la formation et la conservation d'un herbier de lichens. Lechevalier. 44 pp. 1888. Florule des clochers et des toitures des églises de Poitiers (Vienne). Lechevalier. 50 pp.

References

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Olivier Jules Richard

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Olivier Jules Richard claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Olivier Jules Richard before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Olivier Jules Richard ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Olivier Jules Richard

In research: Olivier Jules Richard appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Olivier Jules Richard in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Olivier Jules Richard is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1836 births, 1896 deaths, 19th-century French botanists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Olivier Jules Richard outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Olivier Jules Richard in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Olivier Jules Richard means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Olivier Jules Richard out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Olivier Jules Richard in simple terms?

Why does Olivier Jules Richard matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Olivier Jules Richard?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Olivier Jules Richard.