science

Omberacetam

Omberacetam is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Omberacetam rather than just read about it. In short: Omberacetam, also known as N-phenylacetyl-l-prolylglycine ethyl ester, is promoted as a nootropic and is a prodrug of cyclic glycine-proline. Other names include the brand name Noopept (Russian: Ноопепт), developmental code GVS-111.

Key takeaways

Omberacetam belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Omberacetam to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Omberacetam from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Omberacetam, also known as N-phenylacetyl-l-prolylglycine ethyl ester, is promoted as a nootropic and is a prodrug of cyclic glycine-proline. Other names include the brand name Noopept (Russian: Ноопепт), developmental code GVS-111. Its synthesis was first reported in 1996. It is orally available. As of 2017, its metabolism and elimination half-life in humans were not well understood. It has been evaluated for neuroprotective effects in treating brain injuries and stroke.

Pharmacology One oft-cited study (originally published in Russian) conducted on rats, suggests that Noopept works via the "antioxidant effect, the anti-inflammatory action, and the ability to inhibit the neurotoxicity of excess calcium and glutamate, and to improve the blood rheology". Studies in rats suggest, Noopept is a prodrug of the endogenous dipeptide cycloprolylglycine. Cycloprolylglycine is a modulator of AMPA receptors and exerts neuroprotective effects dependent upon AMPA- and TrkB-Receptor activation. In cell culture, cycloprolylglycine increases brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Some studies suggest that the pharmacological properties of Noopept are derived from its action as an activator of Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1).

Dosage Noopept is frequently dosed at 10–30 mg per day. However, there is no solid evidence indicating that any dose of Noopept is optimal. Few human trials have ever been carried out on Noopept, and as one meta-analysis notes, animal studies have used doses ranging from 0.1 mg/kg bodyweight to 10 mg/kg bodyweight. Furthermore, no long-term studies have been done to evaluate the lasting effects of chronic use at any given dose; the longest human study lasted for 56 days.

Legal status Hungary: As of 25 August 2020, Noopept is added to the controlled psychoactive substances list, prohibiting production, sale, import, storage and use. Russia: Noopept in Russia is a drug of medicine and is available without a prescription. United Kingdom: Contrary to popular belief, omberacetam is not illegal to produce, supply, or import under the Psychoactive Substance Act in the UK, which came into effect on May 26, 2016 because it neither works as a CNS (central nervous system) depressant, nor as a CNS stimulant. However, sale and supply for human consumption are prohibited. United States: The Food and Drug Administration has issued import alerts for imports of omberacetam, considering it an analog of piracetam. FDA considers such racetam-family substances Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) that require new drug applications and adequate labelling before being imported. Similarly, warnings have been issued for claims of medical and pharmacological effects. Despite these FDA enforcement actions, omberacetam is sold in over-the-counter supplements in the US, with some products formulated with dosages greater than pharmaceutical levels.

See also List of investigational cognition and memory disorder drugs Modafinil Nootropic Stimulant Traneurocin List of Russian drugs

Notes

References

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Omberacetam

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Omberacetam claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Omberacetam before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Omberacetam ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Omberacetam

In research: Omberacetam appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Omberacetam in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Omberacetam is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Ethyl esters, Nootropics, Pyrrolidines, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Omberacetam outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Omberacetam in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Omberacetam means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Omberacetam out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Omberacetam in simple terms?

Why does Omberacetam matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Omberacetam?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Omberacetam.