science

Operation Greens

Operation Greens is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Operation Greens rather than just read about it. In short: Operation Greens is a project approved by the Ministry of Food Processing Industries with the target to stabilise the supply of tomato, onion and potato crops (TOP crops) in India, as well as to ensure their availability around the country, year-round without price volatility. It was first introduced in the 2018-2019 Union budget of India, and has been allocated Rs 500 crores to promote farmer producers' organisatio…

Key takeaways

Operation Greens belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Operation Greens to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Operation Greens from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Operation Greens is a project approved by the Ministry of Food Processing Industries with the target to stabilise the supply of tomato, onion and potato crops (TOP crops) in India, as well as to ensure their availability around the country, year-round without price volatility. It was first introduced in the 2018-2019 Union budget of India, and has been allocated Rs 500 crores to promote farmer producers' organisations (FPOs), agri-logistics, processing facilities and professional management.

Introduction and objectives The operation was first introduced by the Finance Minister of India, Arun Jaitley while presenting the 2018-2019 Union budget. It intended to stabilise the supply of tomatoes, onions and potato crops. Union Minister, Harsimrat Kaur Badal has stated that "price volatility of TOP crops wreaks havoc in the households of this country" and that "we have decided the strategy to stabilise prices of TOP crops and to make sure that TOP crops reach all households in the country round the year". TOP crops are considered a regular food commodity across India, but production declined in 2017-18 compared to the previous year despite a 4.5% increase on overall horticulture production. In an attempt to increase and stabilise the production of these crops, Operation Greens was introduced with the following objectives: The operation aims to replicate the success of the increase in production of milk in India through the implementation of Operation Flood. The operation will also aid in India's goal of doubling farmer's income by the year 2022.

Strategy The strategy to meeting the objectives has been split into two components: short term price stabilisation measures and long term integrated value chain development projects.

Short term price stabilisation measures The National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India is the principal agency placed in charge of implementing the price stabilisation measures. The Ministry of Food Processing Industries will be providing 50% of the subsidy for:

the transportation of TOP crops from farms to storage centres. the hiring of storage facilities for use by TOP crops. As part of price stabilisation measures, if prices fall below preceding 3-years average market price at the time of harvest, the evacuation of surplus production from the producing area to consumption centres will be undertaken. A dedicated agency will also be formed to monitor market intelligence, provide demand forecasts and be an advisory to farmers on future prices in relation to TOP crops in order to monitor the supply scenario and implement timely market intervention where necessary. These measures have been put in place in the hopes that by subsidising the costs, farmers will be able to turn a higher profit. When the production of such crops increase, prices collapse and farmers do not have enough storage capacity and links to organised retailing is small. As such, farmers generally get paid only a quarter of what consumers pay. The aim is to increase profits for the farmers by reducing losses post-harvest in the hope that this will stabilise the supply of crops.

Long term integrated value chain development projects The long term integrated value chain development projects are:

capacity building of FPOs - formation of new FPOs, subject to a maximum limit of 5% of the total eligible project cost. quality production - provision for quality input such as seeds, setting up of protected cultivation, mechanisation of farm practises and promoting contract farming. post-harvest processing facilities - providing appropriate transportation infrastructure from farm to facility, as well as primary and secondary processing. agri-logistics - allow for infrastructure to check for sudden spikes in prices, as well as providing the infrastructure of storage facilities for various regions. marketing and consumption points - the creation of e-markets and setting up of retail outlets and sorting, grading and packaging facilities. creation and management of an e-platform for managing the demand and supply of TOP crops. The aim of these projects is to reduce the post-harvest losses through the development of infrastructure which can be used by farmers long-term. Farmers in production clusters will be organised into FPOs to manage production, post-harvest activities, value addition and marketing of TOP produce.

Pattern of assistance The project includes grants at 50% of eligible project costs in all areas and 70% for FPOs, however, it is capped at a maximum of Rs 50 crores per project.

References

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Operation Greens

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Operation Greens claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Operation Greens before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Operation Greens ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Operation Greens

In research: Operation Greens appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Operation Greens in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Operation Greens is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Agriculture in India, Government schemes in India, History of agriculture in India, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Operation Greens outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Operation Greens in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Operation Greens means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Operation Greens out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Operation Greens in simple terms?

Why does Operation Greens matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Operation Greens?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Operation Greens.