computer science

Oracle Spatial and Graph

Oracle Spatial and Graph is a computer science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Oracle Spatial and Graph rather than just read about it. In short: Oracle Spatial and Graph, formerly Oracle Spatial, is a free option component of the Oracle Database. The spatial features in Oracle Spatial and Graph aid users in managing geographic and location-data in a native type within an Oracle database, potentially supporting a wide range of applications — from automated mapping, facilities management, and geographic information systems (AM/FM/GIS), to wireless location ser…

Key takeaways

Oracle Spatial and Graph belongs to computer science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Oracle Spatial and Graph to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Oracle Spatial and Graph from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Oracle Spatial and Graph, formerly Oracle Spatial, is a free option component of the Oracle Database. The spatial features in Oracle Spatial and Graph aid users in managing geographic and location-data in a native type within an Oracle database, potentially supporting a wide range of applications — from automated mapping, facilities management, and geographic information systems (AM/FM/GIS), to wireless location services and location-enabled e-business. The graph features in Oracle Spatial and Graph include Oracle Network Data Model (NDM) graphs used in traditional network applications in major transportation, telcos, utilities and energy organizations and RDF semantic graphs used in social networks and social interactions and in linking disparate data sets to address requirements from the research, health sciences, finance, media and intelligence communities.

Components The geospatial feature of Oracle Spatial and Graph provides a SQL schema and functions that facilitate the storage, retrieval, update, and query of collections of spatial features in an Oracle database. (The spatial component of a spatial feature consists of the geometric representation of its shape in some coordinate space — referred to as its "geometry".)

Geospatial data features The Oracle Spatial geospatial data features consist of:

a schema - MDSYS (as in "multi-dimensional system") - that prescribes the storage, syntax, and semantics of supported geometric data types a spatial indexing system operators, functions, and procedures for performing area-of-interest queries, spatial join queries, and other spatial analysis operations functions and procedures for utility and tuning operations vector performance acceleration for substantially faster querying and more efficient use of CPU, memory, and partitioning support for parametric curves (NURBS) for mathematically precise representation of free-form curves that can be reproduced exactly for 2D and 3D data a topology data model for working with data about nodes, edges, and faces in a topology a GeoRaster feature to store, index, query, analyze, and deliver GeoRaster data (raster image and gridded data and its associated metadata) with virtual mosaics, raster-algebra operations, image processing, Java API, and GDAL-Based ETL Wizard 3-dimensional data-types and operators including Triangulated Irregular Networks (TINs), Point Clouds and LiDAR data sets with Spatial R-tree indexing, SQL operators and analysis functions, and metadata for visualization geocoding that converts location and address data into formal geographic coordinates from point addresses and address ranges, and supports reverse geocoding a routing engine that creates fastest or shortest routes with driving distances, times, directions and turn-specific geometries based on commercial and publicly available street network data, and restrictions and conditions for advanced routing, such as truck-specific routing Open Geospatial Consortium-compliant Web Services for geocoding, routing, mapping, business-directory, catalog, and geospatial feature transactions Spatial Visualization components to render data on maps.

Network Data Model The Network Data Model feature is a property graph model used to model and analyze physical and logical networks used in industries such as transportation, logistics, and utilities. Its features include:

Persistent management of the network connectivity in the database A data model for representing capabilities or objects (modeled as nodes and links) in a network with a PL/SQL API for managing network data. User-determined link and node properties, such as costs and restrictions, including temporal properties. Association of real world objects with network elements to simplify application development and maintenance. A Java API for in-memory network path analytics, including shortest path, nearest neighbors, within cost, and reachability, with partitioned loading of large networks into memory.

RDF semantic The RDF Semantic Graph feature supports the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) RDF standards. It provides RDF data management, querying and inferencing that are commonly used in a variety of applications ranging from semantic data integration to social network analysis and linked open data applications. Its features include:

… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Oracle Spatial and Graph

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Oracle Spatial and Graph claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In computer science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Oracle Spatial and Graph before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Oracle Spatial and Graph ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Oracle Spatial and Graph

In research: Oracle Spatial and Graph appears in computer science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Oracle Spatial and Graph in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Oracle Spatial and Graph is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics GIS software, Graph databases, Oracle software, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Oracle Spatial and Graph outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Oracle Spatial and Graph in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Oracle Spatial and Graph means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Oracle Spatial and Graph out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Oracle Spatial and Graph in simple terms?

Why does Oracle Spatial and Graph matter?

Because it connects several computer science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Oracle Spatial and Graph?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Oracle Spatial and Graph.