biology

Oreophrynella nigra

Oreophrynella nigra is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Oreophrynella nigra rather than just read about it. In short: Oreophrynella nigra, or pebble toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the Guiana Highlands in Bolívar State, Venezuela, and known from two tepuis, Kukenan-tepui and Yuruani-tepui, both belonging to the Eastern Tepuis.

Key takeaways

Oreophrynella nigra belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Oreophrynella nigra to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Oreophrynella nigra from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Oreophrynella nigra, or pebble toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the Guiana Highlands in Bolívar State, Venezuela, and known from two tepuis, Kukenan-tepui and Yuruani-tepui, both belonging to the Eastern Tepuis.

Description and behaviour It is a small species of toad: males measure 16.5–23.5 mm (0.65–0.93 in) and females 20.4–30 mm (0.80–1.18 in) in snout–vent length. When threatened, the toad folds its limbs under its body, tucks its head in and tenses in a ball shape. If on an incline (this is how it gets its name), this causes it to roll down the slope, escaping the attention of its predator, and looking like a dislodged pebble. Its cryptic black and dark grey coloring that may appear as dark navy blue to some blends with its sandstone habitat.

Habitat and conservation Its natural habitats are rocks and peat bogs in montane tepui environments at elevations of 2,300–2,700 m (7,500–8,900 ft) asl. It is classified as vulnerable because of its apparently restricted range.

Media interest This toad was featured on a BBC series, Life, pursued by a tarantula spider.

References

External links

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Oreophrynella nigra

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Oreophrynella nigra claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Oreophrynella nigra before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Oreophrynella nigra ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Oreophrynella nigra

In research: Oreophrynella nigra appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Oreophrynella nigra in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Oreophrynella nigra is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Amphibians described in 1994, Amphibians of the Tepuis, Endemic amphibians of Venezuela, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Oreophrynella nigra outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Oreophrynella nigra in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Oreophrynella nigra means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Oreophrynella nigra out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Oreophrynella nigra in simple terms?

Why does Oreophrynella nigra matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Oreophrynella nigra?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Oreophrynella nigra.