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Othello Washington

Othello Washington is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Othello Washington rather than just read about it. In short: Othello Washington was an African-American microbiologist who worked at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research from as early as the late 1950s (probably earlier) until at least the late 1980s. Othello went by "Wash" and was a lab technician, although he was known for being very experienced and skilled.

Key takeaways

  • Othello Washington belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
  • Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
  • Connect Othello Washington to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
  • Reproduce the core statement of Othello Washington from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Othello Washington was an African-American microbiologist who worked at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research from as early as the late 1950s (probably earlier) until at least the late 1980s. Othello went by "Wash" and was a lab technician, although he was known for being very experienced and skilled.

Career He worked along with Angel Santillion during Stan's PhD thesis work and assisted him in isolating and discovering plasmids. Washington published a paper on the GC content of Proteus species with Stan Falkow, contributing the earliest knowledge of this genus of organisms as distinct species. After working with Falkow, Washington continued to work under Samuel B. Formal, and contributed to multiple fundamental studies of bacterial pathogenesis. Washington is an author on a study titled "Invasion of HeLa Cells by Salmonella typhimurium: A Model for Study of Invasiveness of Salmonella". This paper helped establish HeLa cells as an appropriate cell line to model Salmonella infection of intestinal epithelium. Washington also was a contributing author on a 1986 study of Shigella pathogenesis.

References

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Othello Washington

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Othello Washington claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Othello Washington before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Othello Washington ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Othello Washington

In research
Othello Washington appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry
Engineering practice reuses Othello Washington in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom
Othello Washington is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 20th-century African-American scientists, African-American biologists, American biologist stubs, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life
Look for Othello Washington outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.
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How to study Othello Washington in 20 minutes

  1. Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
  2. Close the page and write down what Othello Washington means in your own words.
  3. Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
  4. Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
  5. Explain Othello Washington out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Othello Washington in simple terms?

Othello Washington was an African-American microbiologist who worked at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research from as early as the late 1950s (probably earlier) until at least the late 1980s. Othello went by "Wash" and was a lab technician, although he was known for being very experienced and…

Why does Othello Washington matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Othello Washington?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Othello Washington.

Tags

  • 20th-century African-American scientists
  • African-American biologists
  • American biologist stubs
  • American microbiologists

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