Outlast is a 2013 first-person psychological survival horror video game developed and published by the Canadian independent studio Red Barrels. The plot centres on Miles Upshur, a freelance investigative journalist who investigates Mount Massive Asylum, a remote psychiatric hospital located deep in the mountains of Lake County, Colorado, United States. It was released for Microsoft Windows on September 4, 2013, PlayStation 4 on February 4, 2014, and Xbox One on June 19, 2014. Linux and OS X versions were released on March 31, 2015 while a Nintendo Switch version was released on February 27, 2018. Outlast received generally positive reviews from critics for its atmosphere, horror elements, and overall gameplay. As of October 2024, it has a playerbase of 37 million. A sequel, Outlast 2, was released on April 25, 2017, while a prequel, The Outlast Trials, was released on March 5, 2024. The Murkoff Account, a comic book series set between Outlast and Outlast 2, was released from July 2016 to November 2017. A second comic series, The Murkoff Collections, was published in October 2024. A film adaptation is also in development.
Gameplay
In Outlast, the player assumes the role of a freelance investigative journalist named Miles Upshur as he navigates in Mount Massive Asylum, a dilapidated psychiatric hospital in the mountains of Lake County, Colorado, United States, that is overrun by homicidal patients. It is played from a first-person perspective and features some stealth gameplay mechanics. The player can walk, run, crouch, jump, climb ladders and vault over objects. Unlike in many video games, the player does not have a visible health bar and is unable to attack enemies; they must instead rely on stealth tactics such as hiding in lockers, sneaking past enemies, staying in the shadows, and hiding behind or under things to survive. Alternatively, the player can attempt to outrun their pursuer. If the player dies, the game will reset to the most recent checkpoint. Most of the hospital is unlit, and the only way for the player to see while in the dark is through the lens of a camcorder equipped with night vision. Using the night vision mode will slowly consume batteries, of which there are not many, forcing the player to scavenge for additional batteries found throughout the hospital. Outlast makes heavy use of traditional jump scares and audio cues, which alert the player if an enemy has seen them. If the player records specific events with their camcorder, Miles will write a note about it, providing further insight into his thoughts. Documents can be collected, which offer backstory and other expository information about the facility, including pages taken from patients' diaries and reports from the hospital's staff. Its developer, Red Barrels, have pointed to the survival-focused gameplay in Amnesia: The Dark Descent (2010) as a primary influence on the combat-free narrative style of Outlast. Found footage horror films like Quarantine (2008) and Rec (2007) also served as influences.
Plot A freelance investigative journalist named Miles Upshur receives an anonymous email about inhumane experiments at Mount Massive Asylum, a remote psychiatric hospital owned by the notoriously unethical Murkoff Corporation. Upon entering, Miles is shocked to discover its halls ransacked and littered with the staff's mutilated corpses. He is informed by a dying officer of Murkoff's private military unit that the hospital's deranged inmates, known as "variants", have escaped and are freely roaming the grounds. The officer implores Miles to escape and reveals that the main entrance can be unlocked from the hospital's security control room. As Miles moves on, he is suddenly ambushed by Chris Walker, a hulking variant who knocks him unconscious. While incapacitated, Miles meets Father Martin Archimbaud, a self-appointed priest with schizotypal personality disorder, who claims that Miles is his "apostle" and sabotages his escape by cutting off power to the entrance. Miles restores power in the control room, but Father Martin injects him with an anesthetic. He also shows Miles footage of the "Walrider", a ghost-like entity that kills patients and staff alike, which he claims is responsible for the hospital's dilapidated state. Regaining consciousness, Miles finds himself trapped in a decaying cell block filled with catatonic and demented patients. He escapes through the sewers to the main wards, pursued by Walker and two cannibalistic twins, only to be captured by Richard Trager, a former Murkoff executive driven insane. Trager amputates two of Miles' fingers and prepares to do the same to his tongue and genitals. However, Miles escapes to an elevator, inadvertently crushing Trager to death between floors when he attacks him. Miles then reconvenes with Father Martin, who tells him to go to the hospital's chapel. Miles reaches an auditorium and learns that the Walrider was created by Rudolf Wernicke, a German scientist brought to the United States during Operation Paperclip. Wernicke believed that intensive dream therapy conducted on traumatised patients could connect swarms of nanites into a single malevolent being. Miles also learns that the experiments were originally part of the MKUltra program. In the chapel, Miles finds a crucified Father Martin, who gives him a key to the lobby elevator that he insists will take him to freedom before immolating himself. Miles takes the elevator, which descends into a subterranean laboratory. Walker arrives and attacks Miles, only to be eviscerated by the Walrider. Miles locates an aged Wernicke, who confirms that the Walrider is a biotechnological nanite entity controlled by Billy Hope, a comatose patient of Murkoff's experiments. Wernicke orders Miles to terminate Billy's life support in the hopes that this will destroy the Walrider. Miles accomplishes the task; however, just before Billy dies, the Walrider attacks Miles and possesses his body. On his way out of the laboratory, a heavily injured Miles encounters a Murkoff private military unit led by Wernicke, which guns him down. While a horrified Wernicke realises that Miles has become the Walrider's new host, the screen fades black as panicked screams, gunfire, and mauling sounds are heard.
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