The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to classical architecture: Classical architecture typically refers to architecture consciously derived from the principles of Greek and Roman architecture of classical antiquity, or more specifically, from De architectura (c. 10 AD) by the Roman architect Vitruvius. Variations of classical architecture have arguably existed since the Carolingian Renaissance, and became especially prominent during the Italian Renaissance and the later period known as neoclassical architecture or Classical revival. While classical styles of architecture can vary, they generally share a common "vocabulary" of decorative and structural elements. Across much of the Western world, classical architectural styles have dominated the history of architecture from the Renaissance until World War II. Classical architecture continues to influence contemporary architects.
What type of thing is classical architecture? Classical architecture can be described as all of the following:
Architecture – both the process and product of planning, designing and construction. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural and political symbols and as works of art. Historical civilizations are often identified with their surviving architectural achievements. Architectural style – classification of architecture in terms of the use of form, techniques, materials, time period, region and other stylistic influences. Art – aesthetic expression for presentation or performance, and the work produced from this activity. The word "art" is therefore both a verb and a noun, as is the term "classical architecture". One of the arts – as an art form, classical architecture is an outlet of human expression, that is usually influenced by culture and which in turn helps to change culture. Classical architecture is a physical manifestation of the internal human creative impulse. A branch of the visual arts – visual arts is a class of art forms, including painting, sculpture, photography, architecture and others, that focus on the creation of works which are primarily visual in nature. Form of classicism – high regard in the arts for classical antiquity, as setting standards for taste which the classicists seek to emulate. Classicism in architecture – places emphasis on symmetry, proportion, geometry and the regularity of parts as they are demonstrated in the architecture of Classical antiquity and in particular, the architecture of Ancient Rome, of which many examples remained.
Classical architectural structures
Ancient Greek architectural structures Ancient Greek architecture – architecture produced by the Greek-speaking people (Hellenic people) whose culture flourished on the Greek mainland and Peloponnesus, the Aegean Islands, and in colonies in Asia Minor and Italy for a period from about 900 BC until the 1st century AD, with the earliest remaining architectural works dating from around 600 BC. Ancient Greek architecture is best known from its temples, and the Parthenon is a prime example.
Acropolis Acropolis of Athens Agora Ancient Agora of Athens Ancient Greek temple – List of Ancient Greek temples Adyton Cella Opisthodomos Peristasis Pronaos Pteron Types of temple Amphiprostyle Antae temple Metroon Naiskos Peripteros Pseudodipteral Pseudoperipteros Ancient Greek theatre – List of ancient Greek theatres Parodos Skene Bouleuterion Greek baths Greek gardens Gymnasium Conisterium Xystus Heroön Hippodrome Mausoleum Monopteros Neorion Palaestra Peribolos Propylaea Prostyle Prytaneion Pteron Rostral column Stadium Stoa – List of stoae Tholos
Ancient Roman architectural structures Ancient Roman architecture – the Roman architectural revolution, also known as the concrete revolution, was the widespread use in Roman architecture of the previously little-used architectural forms of the arch, vault, and dome. A crucial factor in this development that saw a trend to monumental architecture was the invention of Roman concrete (also called opus caementicium).
Public architecture Amphitheatre – List of Roman amphitheatres Aqueduct – List of aqueducts in the city of Rome, List of aqueducts in the Roman Empire, and List of Roman aqueducts by date Basilica Bridge – List of Roman bridges Canal – List of Roman canals Castellum Circus – List of Roman circuses Cistern – List of Roman cisterns Dams and reservoirs – List of Roman dams and reservoirs Defensive wall Dome – List of Roman domes Forum Hippodrome Horreum Hypaethral Insula Monument – List of ancient monuments in Rome, List of monuments of the Roman Forum Nymphaeum Obelisk – List of obelisks in Rome Odeon Roman lighthouse Roman watermill Rostra Temple – List of Ancient Roman temples Antae temple Mithraeum Tetrapylon Theatre – List of Roman theatres Cavea Scaenae frons Thermae – List of Roman public baths Sphaeristerium Tholos Triumphal arch – List of Roman triumphal arches Victory column Rostral column Private architecture Domus Atrium Cavaedium Coenaculum Cubiculum Exedra Fauces Impluvium Oecus Peristylium Taberna Tablinum Triclinium Vestibulum Roman gardens Villa Villa rustica
Architectural styles Architectural style
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