science

Overseas Plastic Surgery Appeal

Overseas Plastic Surgery Appeal is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Overseas Plastic Surgery Appeal rather than just read about it. In short: The Overseas Plastic Surgery Appeal (abbreviated to OPSA) is a registered charity in the UK, that exists to provide free facial surgery for poor children and young adults in Pakistan. The OPSA team operate on facial abnormalities including cleft lip and palate.

Key takeaways

Overseas Plastic Surgery Appeal belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Overseas Plastic Surgery Appeal to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Overseas Plastic Surgery Appeal from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

The Overseas Plastic Surgery Appeal (abbreviated to OPSA) is a registered charity in the UK, that exists to provide free facial surgery for poor children and young adults in Pakistan. The OPSA team operate on facial abnormalities including cleft lip and palate.

Foundation OPSA was founded in 1998 by Nick Hart who, after travelling to Pakistan with a surgical team to carry out facial operations on young children, returned to Hull in Northern England to set up OPSA. Starting out in a small local hospital in Gujrat, a purpose built hospital, called The Cleft Hospital, was soon built to meet the growing demand. OPSA have worked out of The Cleft Hospital ever since.

Activities The OPSA team travel from the UK, Ireland and Turkey twice a year to operate and teach at The Cleft hospital in Gujrat. The yearly trips to Pakistan were increased to twice annually in 2008. Working with medical teams in Gujrat, including Dr Ijaz Bashir, OPSA teach and train local doctors to carry out some of the work year round. Patients travel from all over Pakistan in the hope of receiving advice and treatment from the specialist UK surgical team.

Facts and figures Cleft palate occurs in around 1 to 2 of every 1000 births around the world. In Pakistan, up to 10,000 babies are born each year with cleft conditions, with the majority not being able to afford to pay for operations. As of the end of 2017, the OPSA team have operated on more than 3000 patients. Approximately 100 to 150 patients receive surgery at each OPSA camp, which last for 7 days.

Medical team Nick Hart is a British doctor and plastic surgeon and the founder of OPSA. Hart was the dedicated cleft lip and palate surgeon for the Hull & East Yorkshire region until 2000, when the service was moved to Leeds. Hart led all of the surgical teams to Pakistan for OPSA, but in 2015 retired from surgery, staying on as the charity's chairman. Penelope McManus is a consultant oncoplastic breast surgeon based at the East Riding Hospital in East Yorkshire. McManus joined OPSA surgical team in 2013 to aid with the diagnosis and care of breast cancer patients. Pakistan has a high rate of breast cancer and few specialist services to care for patients. Bashir installed a mammography machine at The Cleft Hospital so that McManus can treat patients as well as train local doctors and nurses. Annette Middleton is a Yorkshire-based theatre nurse who first travelled to Pakistan with OPSA in 1999. Middleton still annually attends the camps in Gujarat, Pakistan, to aid with teaching and operations. Chris Hill is a consultant plastic and reconstructive surgeon based in Northern Ireland who has been volunteering for OPSA since early 2015. He is the only cleft lip and palate surgeon in Northern Ireland, and carries out 250 operations a year at the Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children. Like the rest of the OPSA team, Hill gives up his free time to travel to Pakistan to operate and teach. Zahid Rafique is a consultant anaesthetist at Hull & East Yorkshire NHS Trusts. Rafique has been travelling to Pakistan with the OPSA team for 12 years and is in charge of procuring all medical supplies and equipment for the camps.

Ambassadors Ambassadors for the charity include England & Yorkshire cricketer Adil Rashid, BBC journalist Kate Adie CBE, actresses Stephanie Cole and Debra Stephenson. Trustees for the charity include Ariel Bruce.

References

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Overseas Plastic Surgery Appeal

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Overseas Plastic Surgery Appeal claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Overseas Plastic Surgery Appeal before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Overseas Plastic Surgery Appeal ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Overseas Plastic Surgery Appeal

In research: Overseas Plastic Surgery Appeal appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Overseas Plastic Surgery Appeal in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Overseas Plastic Surgery Appeal is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1998 establishments in the United Kingdom, Charities based in London, Dental organisations based in the United Kingdom, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Overseas Plastic Surgery Appeal outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

Ask Teacher Smith questions about this articleOpens your AI tutor with a question about “Overseas Plastic Surgery Appeal” →

Affiliate

Preply — study more efficiently by working with a personal tutor. 50% off.

How to study Overseas Plastic Surgery Appeal in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Overseas Plastic Surgery Appeal means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Overseas Plastic Surgery Appeal out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Overseas Plastic Surgery Appeal in simple terms?

Why does Overseas Plastic Surgery Appeal matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Overseas Plastic Surgery Appeal?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Overseas Plastic Surgery Appeal.