science

Oxendolone

Oxendolone is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Oxendolone rather than just read about it. In short: Oxendolone, sold under the brand names Prostetin and Roxenone, is an antiandrogen and progestin medication which is used in Japan in the treatment of enlarged prostate. However, this use is controversial due to concerns about its clinical efficacy.

Key takeaways

Oxendolone belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Oxendolone to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Oxendolone from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Oxendolone, sold under the brand names Prostetin and Roxenone, is an antiandrogen and progestin medication which is used in Japan in the treatment of enlarged prostate. However, this use is controversial due to concerns about its clinical efficacy. Oxendolone is not effective by mouth and must be given by injection into muscle. Oxendolone is an antiandrogen, and hence is an antagonist of the androgen receptor, the biological target of androgens like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. It is also a progestin, or a synthetic progestogen, and hence is an agonist of the progesterone receptor, the biological target of progestogens like progesterone. Due to its progestogenic activity, oxendolone has antigonadotropic effects. Oxendolone has no other important hormonal activity... Oxendolone was introduced for medical use in 1981. It is used only in Japan.

Medical uses Oxendolone is used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in Japan. It has been used at a dosage of 200 mg once every 2 weeks via intramuscular injection. Although it is approved for the treatment of BPH in Japan, concerns have been raised about its use for this condition due to poor efficacy seen in clinical trials.

Side effects

Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics Oxendolone binds to the androgen receptor (Ki = 320 nM) and progesterone receptor (Ki = 20 nM) and acts as a weak but clinically relevant inhibitor of 5α-reductase (IC50Tooltip half-maximal inhibitory concentration = 1.4 μM). The relative binding affinity of oxendolone for the androgen receptor is 0.8 to 3.6% of that of metribolone. Oxendolone is not a silent antagonist of the androgen receptor but is rather predominantly antagonistic with weak agonistic activity; for this reason, it has been described as a selective androgen receptor modulator. The medication has potent antigonadotropic effects via its progestogenic activity. It has been found to suppress luteinizing hormone and testosterone levels to an equivalent extent as allylestrenol and chlormadinone acetate, which are two progestins that are similarly used at high doses to treat BPH.

Pharmacokinetics The oral bioavailability of oxendolone in dogs is extremely low, 1% at most. Due to its low oral bioavailability, oxendolone is administered by intramuscular injection in humans. Its elimination half-life via this route is 5.0 to 6.6 days.

Chemistry

Oxendolone, also known as 16β-ethyl-19-nortestosterone or 16β-ethylestr-4-en-17β-ol-3-one, is a synthetic estrane steroid and a derivative of testosterone and 19-nortestosterone (nandrolone). The acetate ester of oxendolone is known as TSAA-328, while the caproate ester of oxendolone is known as TSAA-330. They were never marketed.

History Oxendolone has been marketed in Japan by Takeda since 1981.

Society and culture

Generic names Oxendolone is the generic name of the drug and its INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name, USANTooltip United States Adopted Name, and JANTooltip Japanese Accepted Name. It is also known by its developmental code name TSAA-291.

Brand names Oxendolone is or has been sold under the brand names Prostetin and Roxenone.

Availability Oxendolone is marketed only in Japan.

References

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Oxendolone

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Oxendolone claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Oxendolone before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Oxendolone ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Oxendolone

In research: Oxendolone appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Oxendolone in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Oxendolone is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 5α-Reductase inhibitors, Antigonadotropins, Drugs for benign prostatic hyperplasia, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Oxendolone outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Oxendolone in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Oxendolone means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Oxendolone out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Oxendolone in simple terms?

Why does Oxendolone matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Oxendolone?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Oxendolone.