PARADISEC

Key takeaways

PARADISEC belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect PARADISEC to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of PARADISEC from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

The Pacific and Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC) is a digital archive of records of some of the many small cultures and languages of the world. It was established in 2003 and they digitise reel-to-reel field tapes, have a mass data store and use international standards for metadata description. PARADISEC is part of the worldwide community of language archives (DELAMAN and the Open Language Archives Community). PARADISEC's main motivation is to ensure that unique recordings of small languages are preserved for the future, and that researchers consider the future accessibility of their materials for other researchers, community members, or anyone who has an interest in such materials.

Advocacy PARADISEC advocates for the importance of repositories for cultural heritage materials, and discipline-specific repositories. Distributed and accessible online archives enable members of speaker communities to access records made of the language and musical practices. This work aims to bridge the digital divide in a most practical way, building a repository with a simple ingestion system and an appropriate metadata schema to make it as easy as possible to add new items, and for them to be licensed and made accessible.

Archive The collection currently contains roughly 15,440 hours of archived audio materials representing more than 1,346 languages from around 100 countries. This is supplemented by images, videos and text. Altogether, the archive contains some 202 terabytes of data in more than 409,000 individual files (as of January 2023). The database of archived materials can be freely searched via the Open Languages Archives Community. Direct access to archived recordings requires free registration and sometimes needs permission as specified by the depositor.

File types For secure archiving of audio files complete with metadata headers, PARADISEC uses the DOBBIN system, developed by Cube-Tec, which conforms to the BWF specifications of the European Broadcast Union (EBU). BWF files are archived with a digitally sealed 'header' comprising metadata exported from the PARADISEC catalogue. This sealed header also acts as a security device and prevents the archived BWF from any unauthorised edits, thus preserving the audio signal for posterity. It is also standard practice to produce smaller, more easily transported mp3 copies of each BWF, for the purpose of access. These too, are archived with the master BWF copies.

Digitisation A large part of the project is the digitisation of valuable analogue recordings of languages and cultures from the Pacific region that will otherwise deteriorate and become unreadable. Researchers whose materials are represented in these collections include Arthur Capell, Stephen Wurm, Clemens Voorhoeve and Terry Crowley. These recordings may be stored on a variety of formats, but are mainly cassette tapes and reel-to-reel tapes. Analogue recordings are digitised at the international archive standard for PCM audio files of 24-bit resolution and a sample rate of 96 kHz.

Affiliations PARADISEC is funded by a consortium of three Australian universities, including the University of Sydney, University of Melbourne and the Australian National University, as well as the Australian Research Council. PARADISEC's main office and primary ingestion stations are located at the University of Sydney in the Sydney Conservatorium of Music, and secondary offices, comprising further ingestion stations, are situated at the University of Melbourne and the Australian National University. The archive is currently headed by Nicholas Thieberger (Melbourne) and Amanda Harris (Sydney).

Other information PARADISEC is actively involved in training and supporting language workers and regularly provides recording equipment and advice to researchers and students undertaking fieldwork. They have held a number of field recording and sustainable data workshops and conferences, in the interests of ensuring recordings are made with archiving in mind. PARADISEC is a project to digitise endangered ethnographic recordings. PARADISEC in 2019 In 2019 received the World Data System data seal PARADISEC was in 2013 inscribed into the Australian Register of the UNESCO Memory of the World Program. PARADISEC is a CoreTrustSeal certified repository, and a regular member of the International Science Council's World Data System. In 2023 PARADISEC's founding Director Linda Barwick became Member of the Order of Australia (AM) for significant service to the preservation and digitisation of cultural heritage recordings.

References

External links PARADISEC project page PARADISEC University of Sydney

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with PARADISEC

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what PARADISEC claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to PARADISEC before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about PARADISEC ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of PARADISEC

In research: PARADISEC appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses PARADISEC in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: PARADISEC is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Endangered languages projects, Sound archives in Australia, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for PARADISEC outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

How to study PARADISEC in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what PARADISEC means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain PARADISEC out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is PARADISEC in simple terms?

The Pacific and Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC) is a digital archive of records of some of the many small cultures and languages of the world. It was established in 2003 and they digitise reel-to-reel field tapes, have a mass data store and use international…

Why does PARADISEC matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study PARADISEC?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on PARADISEC.