astronomy

PG 2112+059

PG 2112+059 is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand PG 2112+059 rather than just read about it. In short: PG 2112+059 is a Seyfert type 1 galaxy located in the northern constellation of Equuleus. The object has a redshift of (z) 0.459 estimating a light-travel time of 4.88 billion light-years from Earth and was first discovered in 1983 by astronomers from the Bright Quasar Survey (BQS).

Key takeaways

PG 2112+059 belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect PG 2112+059 to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of PG 2112+059 from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

PG 2112+059 is a Seyfert type 1 galaxy located in the northern constellation of Equuleus. The object has a redshift of (z) 0.459 estimating a light-travel time of 4.88 billion light-years from Earth and was first discovered in 1983 by astronomers from the Bright Quasar Survey (BQS). It is also classified as a broad absorption-line quasar (BAL) because it displays broad absorption lines in its spectrum.

Description PG 2112+059 is a high ionization broad absorption-line quasar (HiBAL). Although X-ray weak, it has signs of X-ray spectral variability with it displaying a normal X-ray continuum like other radio-quiet quasars, according to observations. Evidence also pointed out, there is also a decrease to its continuum normalization by 3.5, with the absorption column density rising upwards. A weak iron fluorescent line was detected based on observations of its X-ray spectra suggesting it was caused through reflection of a neutral material. The spectra itself is interpreted by two scenarios; either by ionized layers or reflection of its ionized accretion disk. A deep minimal state was recorded for the quasar in 2003 with a decreased flux in 0.2-12 KeV. The host galaxy of PG 2112+059 is best described as a luminous elliptical galaxy based on its elliptical profile measurement with a supermassive black hole mass of 9 × 109 M☉. Its radial profile is found to be fitted by a modified deVaucoulers's law profile and it has a spheroid appearance with no signs of elongation. It has a companion galaxy located nearby from it by 16 arcseconds away with a suggestion of a bar-like extension located within the inner section of quasar host itself, given the difference in axis direction. Two other companion galaxies are located by 10 arcseconds away from the quasar's nucleus. The quasar displays evidence of broad emission bands in its spectra. When observed with mid-infrared spectroscopy obtained with Spitzer Space Telescope, it shown to have traces of ionized magnesium amorphous silicates, as well as detections of corundum suggesting the clear evidence of clumpy structures located in the dust forming regions of the quasar. Additionally, periclase elements were also found, indicating they were formed through the cooling process of interstellar dust forming gas.

References

External links PG 2112+059 on SIMBAD

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with PG 2112+059

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what PG 2112+059 claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to PG 2112+059 before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about PG 2112+059 ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of PG 2112+059

In research: PG 2112+059 appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses PG 2112+059 in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: PG 2112+059 is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Active galaxies, Astronomical objects discovered in 1983, Equuleus, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for PG 2112+059 outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study PG 2112+059 in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what PG 2112+059 means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain PG 2112+059 out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is PG 2112+059 in simple terms?

Why does PG 2112+059 matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study PG 2112+059?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on PG 2112+059.