science

PIK-13

PIK-13 is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand PIK-13 rather than just read about it. In short: The PIK-13 was a sailplane constructed in Finland to compete in the 1954 World Gliding Championships, held at Camphill Farm, Great Hucklow, UK. It was a conventional mid-wing design of "workmanlike" construction and underwent five test flights in the course of 1954 before its entry in the competition.

Key takeaways

PIK-13 belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect PIK-13 to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of PIK-13 from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

The PIK-13 was a sailplane constructed in Finland to compete in the 1954 World Gliding Championships, held at Camphill Farm, Great Hucklow, UK. It was a conventional mid-wing design of "workmanlike" construction and underwent five test flights in the course of 1954 before its entry in the competition. In the championships, the PIK-13 was flown by Antti Koskisen, who was placed 16th with 931 points. The PIK-13 was destroyed in an accident on 26 March 1956 when the control stick broke in flight. Pilot Jorma Jalkanen parachuted to safety.

Specifications Data from Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1955-56General characteristics Length: 7.3 m (23 ft 11 in) Wingspan: 17.6 m (57 ft 9 in) Height: 1.55 m (5 ft 1 in) Wing area: 14.6 m2 (157 sq ft) Aspect ratio: 21 Airfoil: root:Göttingen 549, tip:Göttingen 693 Empty weight: 197 kg (434 lb) Gross weight: 300 kg (661 lb) Performance

Never exceed speed: 250 km/h (160 mph, 130 kn) Auto-tow maximum speed:115 km/h (71 mph; 62 kn) Aero-tow maximum speed:130 km/h (81 mph; 70 kn) g limits: +8 Maximum glide ratio: 33:1 at 85 km/h (53 mph; 46 kn) Rate of sink: 0.7 m/s (140 ft/min) at 62 km/h (39 mph; 33 kn) Wing loading: 20.5 kg/m2 (4.2 lb/sq ft)

Notes

References "Editorial" (PDF). The Lasham Newsletter (23). Lasham: Lasham Gliding: 1–2. August 1954. Retrieved 2009-01-11. "PIK-sarjan lentokoneet". Polyteknikkojen Ilmailukerho website. Retrieved 2009-01-11. "Sailplanes seen at Camphill" (PDF). The Lasham Newsletter (23). Lasham: Lasham Gliding: 2–3. August 1954. Retrieved 2009-01-11. "Suomalaisia purjelentokoneita". Ilmailu (11): 26. 1959. Taylor, Michael J. H. (1989). Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. London: Studio Editions. Wiggin, Barney L. (November–December 1954). "The World Contest" (PDF). Soaring: 2–9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-10-02. Retrieved 2009-01-11. "World Gliding Championships". Flight: 250. 26 February 1954. Retrieved 2009-01-11. Yates, Alan (16 July 1954). "Great Hucklow Prospects". Flight: 73–74. Retrieved 2009-01-11.

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with PIK-13

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what PIK-13 claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to PIK-13 before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about PIK-13 ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of PIK-13

In research: PIK-13 appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses PIK-13 in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: PIK-13 is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1950s Finnish sailplanes, Aircraft first flown in 1954, Glider aircraft, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for PIK-13 outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study PIK-13 in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what PIK-13 means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain PIK-13 out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is PIK-13 in simple terms?

Why does PIK-13 matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study PIK-13?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on PIK-13.