biology

PPP1R14A

PPP1R14A is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand PPP1R14A rather than just read about it. In short: Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 14A also known as CPI-17 (C-kinase potentiated Protein phosphatase-1 Inhibitor Mr = 17 kDa) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PPP1R14A gene. Function CPI-17 is a phosphorylation-dependent inhibitor protein of smooth muscle myosin phosphatase, discovered in pig aortic homogenates.

Key takeaways

PPP1R14A belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect PPP1R14A to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of PPP1R14A from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 14A also known as CPI-17 (C-kinase potentiated Protein phosphatase-1 Inhibitor Mr = 17 kDa) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PPP1R14A gene.

Function CPI-17 is a phosphorylation-dependent inhibitor protein of smooth muscle myosin phosphatase, discovered in pig aortic homogenates. Phosphorylation of the Thr-38 residue converts the protein into a potent inhibitor for myosin phosphatase. A single phosphorylation of CPI-17 at Thr-38 triggers a global conformational change that causes re-alignment of four helices. Multiple kinases are identified to phosphorylate CPI-17, such as PKC, ROCK, PKN, ZIPK, ILK, and PAK. Agonist stimulation of smooth muscle enhances CPI-17 phosphorylation mainly through PKC and ROCK. Myosin phosphatase inhibition increases myosin phosphorylation and smooth muscle contraction in the absence of increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration. This phenomenon is known as Ca2+ sensitization, which occurs in response to agonist stimulation of smooth muscle. In Purkinje neuron, CPI-17 is involved in long-term synaptic depression. There are three homologues of CPI-17:

Phosphatase Holoenzyme Inhibitor (PHI: PPP1R14B), Kinase Enhanced Phosphatase Inhibitor (KEPI: PPP1R14C), and Gastric-Brain Phosphatase Inhibitor (GBPI: PPP1R14D).

Clinical significance CPI-17 is up-regulated some cancer cells, and causes hyperphosphorylation of tumor suppressor merlin/NF2. In prostate cancer, CPI-17 expressions are reported to be associated with GWAS risk SNP rs7247241 T allele and increase cell proliferation.

References

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with PPP1R14A

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what PPP1R14A claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to PPP1R14A before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about PPP1R14A ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of PPP1R14A

In research: PPP1R14A appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses PPP1R14A in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: PPP1R14A is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Genes on human chromosome 19, Human chromosome 19 gene stubs, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for PPP1R14A outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study PPP1R14A in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what PPP1R14A means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain PPP1R14A out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is PPP1R14A in simple terms?

Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 14A also known as CPI-17 (C-kinase potentiated Protein phosphatase-1 Inhibitor Mr = 17 kDa) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PPP1R14A gene. Function CPI-17 is a phosphorylation-dependent inhibitor protein of smooth muscle myosin phosphatase, dis…

Why does PPP1R14A matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study PPP1R14A?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on PPP1R14A.