science

PSLV-C61

PSLV-C61 is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand PSLV-C61 rather than just read about it. In short: The PSLV-C61 was the 63rd flight of the ISRO's PSLV and its 27th flight in the XL configuration. The mission launched on 18 May 2025 carrying EOS-09 (RISAT 1-B).

Key takeaways

PSLV-C61 belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect PSLV-C61 to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of PSLV-C61 from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

The PSLV-C61 was the 63rd flight of the ISRO's PSLV and its 27th flight in the XL configuration. The mission launched on 18 May 2025 carrying EOS-09 (RISAT 1-B).

Payload Earth Observation Satellite-09 (EOS-09), also called RISAT 1-B was planned to be the seventh satellite in ISRO's RISAT series. It is a C-band synthetic aperture radar satellite, enabling it to capture high-resolution images of Earth’s surface regardless of weather conditions, day or night. The satellite features five distinct imaging modes, enabling it to switch between ultra-high-resolution imaging, capable of detecting small objects, and broader scans for large-area observation. The satellite was expected to boost India's space surveillance capabilities and contribute to smarter governance and faster disaster response.It was to be launched into a sun-synchronous orbit (SSO) amidst tension on the India–Pakistan border. Orbit Change Thrusters (OCT) were planned to be used to reduce the orbit altitude of the spent PS4 stage to reduce its life in orbit following by stage passivation.

Launch failure PSLV-C61 launched from SDSC-SHAR at 5:59 AM IST on Sunday 18 May 2025. The First and Second stages performed normally. A failure of the third stage led to mission failure. Later reports indicated that a drop in chamber pressure of the third stage during its firing led to failure. ISRO's failure analysis committee is expected to release the final failure report within a month. ISRO Chairman V. Narayanan reported to the media that the FAC committee report has been finalised and submitted to the Prime Minister's Office in August. He announced the return to flight launch of the PSLV Rocket within three months. However the detailed FAC report still remained unpublished before the subsequent PSLV-C62 launch, which likewise ended in failure. Following the investigation, components of the HPS3, which forms the third stage of the PSLV rocket were re-designed and a modified variant was developed. Two static tests were successfully completed on October 6, 2025 and November 19, 2025 on the stage.

Mission overview Mass: Payload weight: 1710 kg Overall height: 44.4 m (146 ft) Propellant: Stage 1 (PS-1) : Composite Solid (Solid Stage) Stage 2 (PS-2) : Earth Storable Liquid (Liquid Stage) Stage 3 (PS-3): Composite Solid (Solid Stage) Stage 4 (PS-4) : Earth Storable Liquid (Liquid Stage) Propellant mass: Stage 1: 139,000 kg (306,000 lb) Stage 2: 41,000 kg (90,000 lb) Stage 3: 7,650 kg (16,870 lb) Stage 4: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb) Altitude: 529 km Maximum velocity: Inclination: 97.6° Azimuth: 140° Period: 95.2 minutes

See also EOS-09 List of PSLV launches ISRO RISAT PSLV

References

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with PSLV-C61

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what PSLV-C61 claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to PSLV-C61 before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about PSLV-C61 ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of PSLV-C61

In research: PSLV-C61 appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses PSLV-C61 in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: PSLV-C61 is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 2020s in Andhra Pradesh, May 2025 in India, Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for PSLV-C61 outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study PSLV-C61 in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what PSLV-C61 means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain PSLV-C61 out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is PSLV-C61 in simple terms?

The PSLV-C61 was the 63rd flight of the ISRO's PSLV and its 27th flight in the XL configuration. The mission launched on 18 May 2025 carrying EOS-09 (RISAT 1-B).

Why does PSLV-C61 matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study PSLV-C61?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on PSLV-C61.