biology

PXDC1

PXDC1 is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand PXDC1 rather than just read about it. In short: The PX (Phox homology) domain-containing 1, also known as PXDC1 and C6orf145, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the protein coding gene PXDC1. Transcript variant 1 is the longest transcript at 1,878 bp and encodes the longest isoform which is 231 amino acids long.

Key takeaways

PXDC1 belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect PXDC1 to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of PXDC1 from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

The PX (Phox homology) domain-containing 1, also known as PXDC1 and C6orf145, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the protein coding gene PXDC1. Transcript variant 1 is the longest transcript at 1,878 bp and encodes the longest isoform which is 231 amino acids long. It is predicted to be involved in enabling phosphatidylinositol binding activity. The tissues with the highest expression include the liver, placenta, and gallbladder.

Gene

Common aliases PXDC1 is also known as c6orf145.

Number of exons Homo sapiens PXDC1 transcript variant 1 contains 8 exons, with 5 of them in the coding sequence.

Span of gene Found on chromosome 6 (6p25.2) in the minus strand and spans 29,095 bp.

mRNA

Transcript variants

Transcript variants of PXDC1 gene.

Expression pattern PXDC1 is ubiquitously expressed in variable amounts across all tissues. The fold difference in expression ranges from 2x-11x. The tissues with the highest expression are the liver, placenta, kidney, and gallbladder.

Conceptual translation Sources:

Protein

Known isoforms Transcript variants are shown in previous mRNA heading. These encode two isoforms:

PXDC1 isoform 1: 231 amino acids PXDC1 isoform X1: 170 amino acids The information below pertains to isoform 1.

MW, pI, amino acid composition The mass of the protein is about 27 kDa and has a pI of 5. The composition of amino acids is comparable to that of a typical human protein, however the difference between the number of lysine and arginine residues compared to that of glutamate and aspartate is negative compared to the average human protein. This is consistent with the observed pI, which indicates acidity.

Domains and motifs

Post-translational modifications

Phosphorylation sites in PXDC1 protein. Residue S147 is also predicted to be O-GalNAc (mucin type) glycosylated.

Structure

Subcellular localization Localized to the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane, and is associated peripherally.

Protein interactions

Table 4. Common interactors that were found with PXDC1.

Homology

Orthologs PXDC1 orthologs are present in mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, bony fish, cartilaginous fish, and jawless fish, but not in any invertebrates, plants, protists, fungi, or bacteria. The protein sequence is highly conserved with over 75% similarity back to cartilaginous fish.

Table of orthologs to human PXDC1.

Evolution speed PXDC1 has a slow evolution rate compared to that of the fibrinogen alpha chain. It has a speed similar to that of cytochrome c.

Paralogs There are no direct paralogs of PXDC1, however, there are 49 proteins in humans that also contain the PX domain. Within this superfamily, there is a class of proteins similar to PXDC1 in that the only domain present is PX. These are highlighted in the table below.

Clinical significance Various studies have been conducted in which PXDC1 expression levels have been monitored. In dioxin (TCDD) sensitive mice, PXDC1 expression in the liver significantly repressed after exposure. This suggests PXDC1 may have a role in sensitivity to this toxin. Another study showed that in the process of differentiation of dental pulp stem cells, PXDC1 was one of the genes whose expression was significantly down-regulated. This suggests it has a role in osteo/odontoblast differentiation. It has also been shown that PXDC1 has a parent-of-origin expression bias, which favored the paternal allele. It is also less that 100 kB away from a known imprinted gene FAM50B. Along with this, PXDC1 had a 2:1 paternal expression bias in lymphoblastoid cell lines and whole blood.

References

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with PXDC1

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what PXDC1 claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to PXDC1 before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about PXDC1 ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of PXDC1

In research: PXDC1 appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses PXDC1 in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: PXDC1 is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Bioinformatics, Genes on human chromosome 6, Protein databases, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for PXDC1 outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study PXDC1 in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what PXDC1 means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain PXDC1 out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is PXDC1 in simple terms?

Why does PXDC1 matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study PXDC1?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on PXDC1.