astronomy

Pamela Toliman

Pamela Toliman is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Pamela Toliman rather than just read about it. In short: Pamela Toliman is a medical researcher from Papua New Guinea (PNG) who has researched areas such as sexually transmitted diseases, HIV/AIDS, cervical cancer and COVID-19. Early life Pamela Toliman comes from Rabaul in PNG's East New Britain Province, but much of her education was in Australia.

Key takeaways

Pamela Toliman belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Pamela Toliman to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Pamela Toliman from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Pamela Toliman is a medical researcher from Papua New Guinea (PNG) who has researched areas such as sexually transmitted diseases, HIV/AIDS, cervical cancer and COVID-19.

Early life Pamela Toliman comes from Rabaul in PNG's East New Britain Province, but much of her education was in Australia. She went to high school at St Peters Lutheran College in Brisbane, Queensland and then attended the University of Queensland, where she obtained both a Bachelor of Science, majoring in molecular genetics and microbiology, and a Bachelor of Arts, majoring in sociology and gender studies, giving her, she has said, a more holistic approach to research. After graduation she joined the Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research (PNG IMR) in Goroka in the Eastern Highlands Province.

Medical career Toliman has remained with the PNG IMR. She initially specialized on sexually transmitted infections, including HIV/AIDS. Her first research was on the effectiveness of standard treatments for gonorrhoea in PNG, in light of an increase in antibiotic resistance. For her master's, from the University of Papua New Guinea (UPNG), she studied co-infections in those who are HIV positive. Her research provided an insight into the most common diseases that affect those living with HIV and identified the fact that people were being diagnosed as HIV positive at a late stage, which had a major impact on prognosis. In 2016, she received the Australia Award's Allison Sudradjat Prize in recognition of her outstanding qualities as a scholar and emerging leader. Later, she investigated cervical cancer screening, for which she obtained a PhD from the Kirby Institute of the University of New South Wales in 2020. She was supported by the Australia Award Women's Leadership Initiative, being mentored by Emily Hurley, Acting Assistant Secretary at Australia's Department of Health Economics and Research Division. Cervical cancer is a preventable cancer but available statistics suggest that between 1,500 and 2,000 women die from it every year in Papua New Guinea, and the true number is likely to be much higher. Pap smear testing has not been logistically successful in PNG and Toliman researched whether a rapid human papillomavirus (HPV) test could reduce cervical cancer rates by detecting strains of HPV and seeing women with high-risk strains referred for further treatment. The country had not established a programme of prevention, screening or treatment. Her aim is to establish a national screening programme and she has been trialling a system whereby women can take a test and have the result within an hour. Toliman is now part of a scientific team at the PNG IMR that developed PNG's in-country testing capacity for COVID-19 and advised policymakers of what was needed to effectively respond to COVID-19. At the same time, she is doing post-doctoral research into COVID-19 transmission in the population.

Local food promoter Toliman has a food blog that encourages people to use ingredients from Papua New Guinea. She started by making jam and selling it at work and expanded her activities from there.

Publications The following is a list of publications for which Toliman has been the lead author.

2010. "Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from four centres in Papua New Guinea remain susceptible to amoxycillin-clavulanate therapy". Papua and New Guinea Medical Journal 53. 2016. "Field evaluation of the Xpert® HPV Point of Care Test for the detection of human papillomavirus infection using self-collected vaginal and clinician-collected cervical specimens". Journal of Clinical Microbiology 54. 2018. "Performance of clinical screening algorithms comprising point-of-care HPV- DNA testing using self-collected vaginal specimens, and visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid, for the detection of underlying high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in Papua New Guinea", Papillomavirus Research 6. 2018. "Evaluation of self-collected vaginal specimens for the detection of high-risk HPV infection and the prediction of high-grade cervical intraepithelial lesions in a high-burden, low-resource setting". Clinical Microbiology and Infection 25. 2018. "Innovative approaches to cervical cancer screening in low- and middle-income countries". Climacteric 21. 2019. "Evaluation of p16/Ki-67 dual-stain cytology performed on self-collected vaginal and clinician-collected cervical specimens for the detection of cervical pre-cancer". Clinical Microbiology and Infection: the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 26.

References

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Pamela Toliman

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Pamela Toliman claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Pamela Toliman before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Pamela Toliman ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Pamela Toliman

In research: Pamela Toliman appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Pamela Toliman in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Pamela Toliman is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Living people, Papua New Guinean scientists, Papua New Guinean women scientists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Pamela Toliman outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Pamela Toliman in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Pamela Toliman means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Pamela Toliman out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Pamela Toliman in simple terms?

Pamela Toliman is a medical researcher from Papua New Guinea (PNG) who has researched areas such as sexually transmitted diseases, HIV/AIDS, cervical cancer and COVID-19. Early life Pamela Toliman comes from Rabaul in PNG's East New Britain Province, but much of her education was in Australia.

Why does Pamela Toliman matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Pamela Toliman?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Pamela Toliman.