biology

Panamacebus

Panamacebus is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Panamacebus rather than just read about it. In short: Panamacebus is an extinct genus of monkey known from the Early Miocene (Hemingfordian in the NALMA classification) of central Panama. Panamacebus transitus is the only and type species of this genus.

Key takeaways

Panamacebus belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Panamacebus to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Panamacebus from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Panamacebus is an extinct genus of monkey known from the Early Miocene (Hemingfordian in the NALMA classification) of central Panama. Panamacebus transitus is the only and type species of this genus.

Description Together with Paralouatta marianae from Cuba, it is the oldest known New World monkey of North America. Fossils of Panamacebus, a left upper first molar and lower premolar, were uncovered from the Las Cascadas Formation, of which tuffs were analyzed providing an age of 20.93 ± 0.17 Ma, of the Panama Canal Zone.

See also

List of fossil primates of Central and South America

References

Bibliography Bloch, Jonathan I.; Woodruff, Emily D.; Wood, Aaron R.; Rincón, Aldo F.; Harrington, Arianna R.; Morgan, Gary S.; Foster, David A.; Montes, Camilo; Jaramillo, Carlos A., Nathan A. Jud, Douglas S. Jones, Bruce J. MacFadden (2016a), "First North American fossil monkey and early Miocene tropical biotic interchange", Nature, 533 (7602): 243–246, Bibcode:2016Natur.533..243B, doi:10.1038/nature17415, PMID 27096364, retrieved 2019-02-14{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Bloch, Jonathan I.; Woodruff, Emily D.; Wood, Aaron R.; Rincón, Aldo F.; Harrington, Arianna R.; Morgan, Gary S.; Foster, David A.; Montes, Camilo; Jaramillo, Carlos A., Nathan A. Jud, Douglas S. Jones, Bruce J. MacFadden (2016b), "Panamacebus - Supplementary Methods and Results", Nature, 533 (7602): 1–28, retrieved 2019-02-14{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Bloch, Jonathan I.; Woodruff, Emily D.; Wood, Aaron R.; Rincón, Aldo F.; Harrington, Arianna R.; Morgan, Gary S.; Foster, David A.; Montes, Camilo; Jaramillo, Carlos A., Nathan A. Jud, Douglas S. Jones, Bruce J. MacFadden (2016c), "Panamacebus - Supplementary Figures", Nature, 533 (7602): 1–10, retrieved 2019-02-14{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Silvestro, Daniele; Tejedor, Marcelo F.; Serrano-Serrano, Martha L.; Loiseau, Oriane; Rossier, Victor; Rolland, Jonathan; Zizka, Alexander; Höhna, Sebastian; Antonelli, Alexandre; Salamin, Nicolas (2019), "Early Arrival and Climatically-Linked Geographic Expansion of New World Monkeys from Tiny African Ancestors", Systematic Biology, 68: 78–92, bioRxiv 10.1101/178111, doi:10.1093/sysbio/syy046, PMC 6292484

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Panamacebus

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Panamacebus claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Panamacebus before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Panamacebus ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Panamacebus

In research: Panamacebus appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Panamacebus in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Panamacebus is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Aquitanian life, Capuchin monkeys, Fossil taxa described in 2016, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Panamacebus outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Panamacebus in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Panamacebus means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Panamacebus out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Panamacebus in simple terms?

Panamacebus is an extinct genus of monkey known from the Early Miocene (Hemingfordian in the NALMA classification) of central Panama. Panamacebus transitus is the only and type species of this genus.

Why does Panamacebus matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Panamacebus?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Panamacebus.