In mathematics, especially operator theory, a paranormal operator is a generalization of a normal operator. More precisely, a bounded linear operator T on a complex Hilbert space H is said to be paranormal if:
‖ T 2 x ‖ ≥ ‖ T x ‖ 2 {\displaystyle \|T^{2}x\|\geq \|Tx\|^{2}}
for every unit vector x in H. The class of paranormal operators was introduced by V. Istratescu in 1960s, though the term "paranormal" is probably due to Furuta. Every hyponormal operator (in particular, a subnormal operator, a quasinormal operator and a normal operator) is paranormal. If T is a paranormal, then Tn is paranormal. On the other hand, Halmos gave an example of a hyponormal operator T such that T2 isn't hyponormal. Consequently, not every paranormal operator is hyponormal. A compact paranormal operator is normal.
References