engineering

Paris Herouni

Paris Herouni is a engineering topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Paris Herouni rather than just read about it. In short: Paris Misaki Herouni (Armenian: Պարիս Միսակի Հերունի, December 17, 1933 – December 5, 2008) was a Soviet and Armenian physicist and engineer. He was a member of the Armenian National Academy of Sciences in the fields of radio-physics, radio-engineering, and radio-astronomy and the head of the Antenna Systems chair, which he founded, at the National Polytechnic University of Armenia and Radio Physics Research Institu…

Key takeaways

Paris Herouni belongs to engineering; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Paris Herouni to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Paris Herouni from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Paris Misaki Herouni (Armenian: Պարիս Միսակի Հերունի, December 17, 1933 – December 5, 2008) was a Soviet and Armenian physicist and engineer. He was a member of the Armenian National Academy of Sciences in the fields of radio-physics, radio-engineering, and radio-astronomy and the head of the Antenna Systems chair, which he founded, at the National Polytechnic University of Armenia and Radio Physics Research Institute (RRI). In 1986, he was awarded the USSR State Prize.

Biography Herouni was born in Yerevan, Armenia, on December 17, 1933. His father was a survivor of the Armenian genocide from Hadjin. Upon completion of his undergraduate studies in Yerevan, Herouni attended the Moscow Power Engineering Institute, where he earned his graduate degree in radio technology in 1957. He earned his doctorate of philosophy in radio techniques from the same institution in 1965. Herouni became an associate professor in 1968 and a full professor in 1983. Because of his many scientific discoveries, Herouni received numerous awards such as: the Order of the Red Banner of Labour, the Silver Medal of Catholicos of All Armenians (given to him by Vazgen I), the State Prize of Soviet Armenia in the field of Science (1985), the Medal "Veteran of Labour", a Bronze Medal from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of France, and the Lomonosov Gold Medal from the Russian Academy of Sciences. In addition, Herouni held over 20 patents and published over 340 scientific works, including two monographs during his lifetime.

Scientific works

Radio Astronomy Herouni's scientific discoveries and theories include his theory and calculations on the Method of the Large Double Mirror Antennas with Fixed Spherical Main Mirror, his theory and equations of electromagnetic field diffraction on the apertures of different configurations. He also developed radio holography—methods of field determination in space by measurements of complex fields near (NF) emitting or scattering objects. In addition, he created methods of Near-to-Far (NF - FF) measurements of antennas and scattering objects parameters. He created the Theory of Field Diffraction in antenna edges when illuminating the part of the main aperture and Antenna Metrology direction.

Herouni proposed and developed the Orgov Radio-Optical Telescope, also known as the "Herouni Mirror Radio telescope". It has a large antenna with a diameter 54 m (177 ft) and one of the best parameters among all large antennas in the world. He concluded and built an Antenna Parameters and Phase Shift Angle, being the first 11, based on the World National Primary Standards. He was the first to come across the powerful radio-flare on the Eta Geminorum star, a red giant and the powerful flares associated with that type of star. He also was the first to measure an aperture of an antenna, in the World Radio Hologram. Using this, he designed and built many highly, effective automatic complexes of equipment for NF - FF antenna measurement.

Rejections of Cosmic Background Radiation and Big Bang Herouni conducted parameter measurement of the Orgov Radio-Optical Telescope from 1985 to 1990, determining the self-noise of the telescope across its observational spectrum of 3-200mm wavelength (Far Infrared to EHF Microwave). In the 8mm wavelength, it was found to have self-noise of 2.6 Kelvin, which was the lowest and therefore the most sensitive among the world's largest antennas. The 8mm wavelength is near the strongest frequency component of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMB). On observation of 8mm wavelength during clear midnights of 23 and 24 November 1988 at 23-24h o'clock, there was no residual signal of the CMB at zenith (observing straight up):

In positions "on the way to zenith" and "zenith" we have the proportion for Antenna Self Noises (TSN) [...] = 2.6K The next important question is what means so low Self Noises (2,6 K or 2,8 K). According to the theory of the Big Bang in Universe it must have been Relict radiation of 2,7 K. If it is right, then our measured noises near Zenith had to be 2,6 + 2,7 = 5,3K. But they are absent. It is also impossible that our 2,6 K is 2,7 K of Relict. Because it will be only in case, if our Antenna is ideal and its Self Noises are equal 0K. But it is impossible on Earth.

So there is only one explanation, that Relict radiation is absent in Universe, and it is that there never was any Big Bang in Universe. Notably, the paper has only five references, all of which are self-citations.

… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Paris Herouni

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Paris Herouni claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In engineering, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Paris Herouni before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Paris Herouni ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Paris Herouni

In research: Paris Herouni appears in engineering research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Paris Herouni in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Paris Herouni is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1933 births, 2008 deaths, Academic staff of the National Polytechnic University of Armenia, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Paris Herouni outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Paris Herouni in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Paris Herouni means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Paris Herouni out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Paris Herouni in simple terms?

Why does Paris Herouni matter?

Because it connects several engineering ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Paris Herouni?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Paris Herouni.