science

Partner violence in hip-hop

Partner violence in hip-hop is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Partner violence in hip-hop rather than just read about it. In short: Forbes magazine reported in 2017 that hip hop was the "dominant musical genre" in the U.S. music industry and, for the first time, outsold any other U.S. musical genre. With its cultural foundation in the South Bronx, hip hop has grown in popularity since its beginnings in 1979.

Key takeaways

Partner violence in hip-hop belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Partner violence in hip-hop to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Partner violence in hip-hop from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Forbes magazine reported in 2017 that hip hop was the "dominant musical genre" in the U.S. music industry and, for the first time, outsold any other U.S. musical genre. With its cultural foundation in the South Bronx, hip hop has grown in popularity since its beginnings in 1979. Popular dominance of the genre coincided with the international #MeToo movement, which exposed the sexual misconduct of men in positions of power in the field of entertainment. Although women and men from all walks of life worldwide have shared their #MeToo stories, accounts in the music industry (particularly in the genre of rap) were few; the industry evaded public scrutiny, despite its dominance as broadcast and streaming media. A controversial issue in rap and hip-hop culture since its inception has been the violence and aggression of its hardcore styles. The prevalence of misogyny, sexism and sexual violence in the lyrics of the most-popular gangsta rap lyrics triggered public debate about obscenity and indecency and was a topic of U.S. Senate hearings during the mid-1990s. The common depiction of women as video vixens in music videos and being called "bitches" or "hos" in derogatory and misogynistic lyrics may escalate gender violence and anti-black misogyny (misogynoir). The multi-platinum sales of The Chronic by Dr. Dre (featuring Snoop Doggy Dogg) in 1992 bely the genre's lyrics. In 1999, Anthony M. Giovacchini wrote about a song from the album in the journal Poverty and Prejudice: Media and Race:

"Nuthin' but a 'G' Thang" reads:

These lyrics portray women as dirty sex toys that have no value other than the pleasure they can provide during intercourse. Critics say that the pervasive usage of misogynistic language in rap and other popular genres, such as country music, can help normalize attitudes trivializing women and encouraging sexual assault. Misogynistic lyrics in popular music may contribute to rape culture. Songs referring to girls or women of color as usable or disposable, with lyrics suggesting rape, assault and murder, evoke concern and criticism. Feminist critiques insert "new questions about representation, [provide] additional insight about embodied experience, and [offer] alternative models for critical engagement" with hip hop, and misogynistic rhetoric has been discussed in academic literature. Songs considered misogynistic or sexist may be amplified by artists such as Rick Ross or XXXTentacion in an age of mobile music and technology. People from different age groups (tweens to adults) and backgrounds in the U.S. and abroad have been repeatedly exposed to this content. Artists accused of violence against women or sexual assault may still circulate their music. Case outcomes may be ignored due to love of the music (if not the lyrics) and the artists who perform it. Consumers of rap and hip hop may perceive intimate-partner violence as normal, rather than harmful. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) reported in 2001 that music, film and television convey "sexual messages" which are increasingly "explicit in dialogue, lyrics, and behavior ... These messages contain unrealistic, inaccurate, and misleading information that young people accept as fact." In 2010, another AAP report stated that representations of sexuality in mass media such as music can lead to a "major disconnect between what mainstream media portray—casual sex and sexuality with no consequences—and what children and teenagers need—straightforward information about human sexuality and the need for contraception when having sex." In "Still on the Auction Block: The (S)exploitation of Black Adolescent Girls in Rap(e) Music and Hip-Hop Culture", a chapter of The Sexualization of Childhood, Carolyn M. West discusses the effect of rape and sexual images in hip hop. West writes, "Exposure to sexualized images in hip-hop has been found to influence black girls perception of male-female gender roles, attitudes toward sexual assault, physical dating violence, and physical attractiveness ... Music videos and lyrics that perpetuate gender inequality and glorify risky sexual behaviors but rarely provide healthy sexual messages or emphasize possible negative health consequences may increase the likelihood that black adolescent girls will have unplanned pregnancies, early sexual onset, or sexually transmitted disease acquisition, including HIV/AIDS."

Partner and sexual violence in hip-hop lyrics

Debate about sexist lyrics in various genres of popular music began during the 1980s. According to Ummni Khan, a "kink lens" can be used to identify a feminist reading of rap lyrics as "rapey" or "allegedly perpetuat[ing] sexual violence, misogyny, and rape myths." Some critics see the hypersexualized discourse which targets women in rap songs as a sign of toxic masculinity in a patriarchal culture, and others view feminist critiques as politically correct. Eva Cooke wrote that homosociality (male bonding and patriarchal discourse focusing on black male actors in the lyrics of many rap songs) may be healthy, but can "turn toxic and violent" with misogynistic lyrics denigrating black women.

1980s In 1983, Too Short released "Don't Stop Rappin'". Too Shorts wrote in his lyrics, "Sir Too Short was coming up I did just what I wanted to but when I finished what did I do, I took her home, real real fast. I charged her up for wasted gas." In 1988, the rap group N.W.A released "A Bitch iz a Bitch". Ice Cube wrote in its lyrics, "But a nigga like me, I say 'fuck you'. Do like Ice Cube, slam her ass in a ditch (slam her ass), 'cause a bitch is a bitch". In 1989, 2 Live Crew released "Me So Horny" with notorious for its explicit sexual content with lyrics like "I say "What's wrong, baby doll, with a quick nut?" Cause you're the one, and you shouldn't be mad. I won't tell your mama if you don't tell your dad. I know he'll be disgusted when he sees your pussy busted." Tone Loc's 1989 "Funky Cold Medina" has lyrics about an aphrodisiac: "I thought she would be good to go with a little funky cold medina. She said 'I'd like a drink' and I said 'um, okay, I'll go get it', then a couple of sips she cold-licked her lips, and I knew that she was with it."

… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Partner violence in hip-hop

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Partner violence in hip-hop claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Partner violence in hip-hop before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Partner violence in hip-hop ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Partner violence in hip-hop

In research: Partner violence in hip-hop appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Partner violence in hip-hop in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Partner violence in hip-hop is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Abuse, Criticism of hip-hop, Hip-hop, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Partner violence in hip-hop outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Partner violence in hip-hop in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Partner violence in hip-hop means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Partner violence in hip-hop out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Partner violence in hip-hop in simple terms?

Why does Partner violence in hip-hop matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Partner violence in hip-hop?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Partner violence in hip-hop.