science

Passports of European Union candidate states

Passports of European Union candidate states is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Passports of European Union candidate states rather than just read about it. In short: Since the 1980s, member states of the European Union have started to harmonise aspects of the designs of their ordinary passports (but not other types of passports, such as diplomatic, service and emergency passports), as well as common security features and biometrics. Most passports issued by EU member states have the common recommended layout; burgundy in colour with the words "European Union" accompanied by the…

Key takeaways

Passports of European Union candidate states belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Passports of European Union candidate states to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Passports of European Union candidate states from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Since the 1980s, member states of the European Union have started to harmonise aspects of the designs of their ordinary passports (but not other types of passports, such as diplomatic, service and emergency passports), as well as common security features and biometrics. Most passports issued by EU member states have the common recommended layout; burgundy in colour with the words "European Union" accompanied by the name of the issuing member state printed on the cover.

Characteristics

Overall format Paper size B7 (ISO/IEC 7810 ID-3, 88 mm × 125 mm) 32 pages (passports with more pages can be issued to frequent travellers) Colour of cover: burgundy red or blue

Cover Information on the cover, in this order, in the language(s) of the issuing state:

Name of the issuing state Emblem of the state The word "PASSPORT" The biometric passport symbol:

First page Information on the first page, in one or more of the languages:

Name of the issuing state The word "PASSPORT" Serial number (may also be repeated on the other pages)

Identification page Information on the (possibly laminated) identification page, in the languages of the issuing state plus English and French:

Following page Optional information on the following page:

Remaining pages The following page is reserved for: Details concerning the spouse of the holder of the passport (where a family passport is issued) Details concerning children accompanying the holder (name, first name, date of birth, sex) Photographs of the faces of spouse and children The following page is reserved for use by the issuing authorities The remaining pages are reserved for visa The inside back cover is reserved for additional information or recommendations by the issuing state in its own official language(s)

Overview of passports issued by the EU candidate states

Visa requirements for the nationals of EU candidate states for travel to the EEA, United Kingdom and Ireland Nationals of the candidate countries have varying visa arrangements with the Schengen Area and the Common Travel Area members, as well as with the United Kingdom and Ireland. The following table details the requirements:

Current EU enlargement agenda

The enlargement of the European Union involves the accession of new member states. This process began with the Inner Six, who founded the European Coal and Steel Community (the EU's predecessor) in 1952. Since then, the EU's membership has grown to twenty-seven with the most recent expansion to Croatia in 2013 and the departure of UK in 2020. Currently, accession negotiations are under way with several states. The process of enlargement is sometimes referred to as European integration. This term is also used to refer to the intensification of co-operation between EU member states as national governments allow for the gradual harmonisation of national laws. To join the European Union, a state needs to fulfil economic and political conditions called the Copenhagen criteria (after the Copenhagen summit in June 1993), which require a stable democratic government that respects the rule of law, and its corresponding freedoms and institutions. According to the Maastricht Treaty, each current member state and the European Parliament must agree to any enlargement. The present enlargement agenda of the European Union regards Ukraine, the Western Balkans and potentially Turkey, which has a long-standing application with the EU. As for the Western Balkan states, the EU had pledged to include them after their civil wars: in fact, two states have entered, three are candidates, one applied and the others have pre-accession agreements. There are however other states in Europe which either seek membership or could potentially apply if their present foreign policy changes, or the EU gives a signal that they might now be included on the enlargement agenda. However, these are not formally part of the current agenda, which is already delayed due to bilateral disputes in the Balkans and difficulty in fully implementing the acquis communautaire (the accepted body of EU law). Today the accession process follows a series of formal steps, from a pre-accession agreement to the ratification of the final accession treaty. These steps are primarily presided over by the European Commission (Enlargement Commissioner and DG Enlargement), but the actual negotiations are technically conducted between the Union's Member States and the candidate country. Before a country applies for membership it typically signs an association agreement to help prepare the country for candidacy and eventual membership. Most countries do not meet the criteria to even begin negotiations before they apply, so they need many years to prepare for the process. An association agreement helps prepare for this first step. In the case of the Western Balkans, a special process, the Stabilisation and Association Process exists to deal with the special circumstances there. When a country formally applies for membership, the Council asks the commission to prepare an opinion on the country's readiness to begin negotiations. The council can then either accept or reject the commission's opinion (the council has only once rejected the commission's opinion when the latter advised against opening negotiations with Greece). If the council agrees to open negotiations the screening process then begins. The commission and candidate country examine its laws and those of the EU and determine what differences exist. The Council then recommends opening negotiations on "chapters" of law that it feels there is sufficient common ground to have constructive negotiations. Negotiations are typically a matter of the candidate country convincing the EU that its laws and administrative capacity are sufficient to execute European law, which can be implemented as seen fit by the member states. Often this will involve time-lines before the Acquis Communautaire (European regulations, directives and standards) has to be fully implemented.

Gallery of EU candidate state passports

See also Future enlargement of the European Union Passports of the European Union Passports of the EFTA member states Schengen Area Common Travel Area Visa policy in the European Union United Kingdom visa requirements National identity cards in the European Economic Area European Economic Area European Free Trade Association United States visa Electronic System for Travel Authorization Visa policy of Canada List of passports

Notes

References

External links

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Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Passports of European Union candidate states

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Passports of European Union candidate states claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Passports of European Union candidate states before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Passports of European Union candidate states ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Passports of European Union candidate states

In research: Passports of European Union candidate states appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Passports of European Union candidate states in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Passports of European Union candidate states is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Authentication methods, European Economic Area, European Union passports, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Passports of European Union candidate states outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Passports of European Union candidate states in 20 minutes

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Close the page and write down what Passports of European Union candidate states means in your own words.
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Frequently asked questions

What is Passports of European Union candidate states in simple terms?

Why does Passports of European Union candidate states matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Passports of European Union candidate states?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Passports of European Union candidate states.