biology

Pauline Johnson (immunologist)

Pauline Johnson (immunologist) is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Pauline Johnson (immunologist) rather than just read about it. In short: Pauline Johnson is an English immunologist and microbiologist at the University of British Columbia. Her research focuses on innate and adaptive immune mechanisms — in particular, the mobility of proteins in membranes, lymphocyte cell surface molecules, T cell signalling, leukocyte adhesion, and macrophages in lung inflammation.

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Reference excerpt

Pauline Johnson is an English immunologist and microbiologist at the University of British Columbia. Her research focuses on innate and adaptive immune mechanisms — in particular, the mobility of proteins in membranes, lymphocyte cell surface molecules, T cell signalling, leukocyte adhesion, and macrophages in lung inflammation.

Education Pauline Johnson was born in Yorkshire, England. She earned a BSc in biochemistry from Liverpool University in 1980, and a Ph.D from the University of Dundee in 1983. Her Ph.D. project was to determine the lateral and rotational mobility of membrane components measured by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and fluorescence depletion recovery. She was a post-doctoral fellow at the Salk Institute in California, US under the supervision of Ian Trowbridge and at the MRC Cellular Immunology Unit at the University of Oxford, U.K. under the supervision of Alan F. Williams before joining the faculty at the University of British Columbia in 1991.

Career and research Johnson helped to establish the function of CD45 as a critical protein tyrosine phosphatase in T cell activation and defined the mechanisms regulating the interactions of the cell adhesion molecule CD44 with the matrix component, hyaluronan. Her research in 2020 uses mouse models of lung disease to study the function of macrophages and the cell matrix in infection, inflammation, and cancer. She held an MRC Scientist Award and was Co-Director of the Infection, Inflammation and Immunity Research Group at the Life Science Institute at UBC (2003-2009). She has served multiple times on the CIHR Immunology and Transplantation panel, including as Scientific Officer, as well as on other national and international review panels. She is a member of the CIHR III Institute Advisory Board (III institute = Inflammation, infection and immunity CIHR Institute).

Awards MRC Scientist Award, MRC of Canada, 1999-2004 Women in Science Award for Community Leadership and Scientific Excellence, Minerva Foundation for B.C. Women, 2013

Publications Johnson, P. & Garland, P. B. (1981). "Depolarisation of fluorescence depletion. A microscopic method for measuring rotational diffusion of membrane proteins on the surface of a single cell". FEBS Lett. 132 (2): 252–256. Bibcode:1981FEBSL.132..252J. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(81)81172-6. PMID 6170530.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Johnson, P. & Williams, A. F. (1986). "Striking similarities between antigen receptor J pieces and sequence in the second chain of the murine CD8 antigen". Nature. 323 (6083): 74–76. Bibcode:1986Natur.323...74J. doi:10.1038/323074a0. PMID 3092111. S2CID 4305448.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Johnson, P., Ostergaard, H. L., Wasden, C. & Trowbridge, I. S. (1992). "Mutational analysis of CD45, a leukocyte specific tyrosine phosphatase". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 267 (12): 8035–8041. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)42404-0. PMID 1314815.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Maiti, A., Maki, G. & Johnson P. (1998). "TNF-α induction of CD44-mediated leukocyte adhesion by sulfation". Science. 282 (5390): 941–943. Bibcode:1998Sci...282..941M. doi:10.1126/science.282.5390.941. PMID 9794764.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Ruffell, B., Poon, G.F.T., Lee, S.S.M., Brown, K.L., Tjew, S-L., Cooper. J., & Johnson, P. (2011). "Differential use of chondroitin sulfate to regulate hyaluronan binding by CD44 in inflammatory and alternatively activated macrophages". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 286 (22): 19179–19190. doi:10.1074/jbc.M110.200790. PMC 3103297. PMID 21471214.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Lee-Sayer, S.M., Dong, Y., Arif, A.A., Olsson, M., Brown, K.L, & Johnson, P. (2015). "The where, when, how, and why of hyaluronan binding by immune cells". Frontiers in Immunology. 6: 150. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2015.00150. PMC 4396519. PMID 25926830.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Samarakoon, A., SHIM, Y. A., Dosanjh, M, Crickmer, M., Labontè-Raymond, C., Arif, A.A. & Johnson, P. (2016). "CD45 regulates GM-CSF, retinoic acid and T cell homing in intestinal inflammation". Mucosal Immunology. 9 (6): 1514–1527. doi:10.1038/mi.2016.23. PMID 27007678.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Johnson, P., Arif, AA, Lee-Sayer, S.S.M., Dong, Y. (2018). "Hyaluronan and Its Interactions With Immune Cells in the Healthy and Inflamed Lung". Frontiers in Immunology. 9 2787. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02787. PMC 6281886. PMID 30555472.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Dong, Y., Arif, AA., Guo, J., HA, Z., Lee-Sayer, SSM., Poon, GFT., Dosanjh, M., Roskelley, C., Huan, T., Johnson, P. (2020). "CD44 loss disrupts lung lipid surfactant homeostasis and exacerbates oxidized lipid-induced lung inflammation". Frontiers in Immunology. 11 29. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00029. PMC 7002364. PMID 32082314.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

References

External links Johnson Lab Pauline Johnson publications indexed by Google Scholar

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Pauline Johnson (immunologist)

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Pauline Johnson (immunologist) claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Pauline Johnson (immunologist) before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Pauline Johnson (immunologist) ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Pauline Johnson (immunologist)

In research: Pauline Johnson (immunologist) appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Pauline Johnson (immunologist) in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Pauline Johnson (immunologist) is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 20th-century British women biologists, 20th-century English biologists, 20th-century English women scientists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Pauline Johnson (immunologist) outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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Frequently asked questions

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