physics

Pedram Roushan

Pedram Roushan is a physics topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Pedram Roushan rather than just read about it. In short: Pedram Roushan is a research scientist working at Google AI on quantum computing and quantum simulation. Biography Pedram Roushan was born in Sari, Iran in 1978 and raised in Iran.

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Reference excerpt

Pedram Roushan is a research scientist working at Google AI on quantum computing and quantum simulation.

Biography Pedram Roushan was born in Sari, Iran in 1978 and raised in Iran. His family belonged to the Baháʼí Faith and suffered prosecution and discrimination after the Islamic Revolution. Roushan's parents were laid-off from their jobs due to their beliefs, and his father had to spend several years in hiding. In 1984, to escape persecution, he and his family lived in a small village close to Gilan province, where Roushan attended elementary school. In 1996, Roushan was denied access to Iranian universities. He enrolled at the Baháʼí Institute for Higher Education, where he obtained a degree in civil engineering. In 2001 and with the help of the Hebrew Immigration Aid Society (HIAS), he moved to the US as a religious refugee and attended the University of Pittsburgh, where he graduated summa cum laude in 2005. He completed his PhD in the group of Ali Yazdani at Princeton University in 2011, where he studies diluted magnetic semiconductors and also performed the first scanning tunneling microscopy on the surface of topological insulators. He then moved to the University of California, Santa Barbara as a postdoc, where he worked in John Martinis' group on building a quantum computer based on superconducting qubits. In 2014 he joined Google together with the Martinis team and was part of the group performing the first claimed quantum supremacy demonstration on Google's Sycamore processor. Roushan is a Principal Research Scientist at Google Quantum AI and leads the experimental effort on noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) algorithms, focusing on simulating quantum phenomena on NISQ processors. With his team and their collaborators, they have studied information scrambling in quantum circuits, non-equilibrium dynamics and universality classes in quantum spin models, phases of matter away from equilibrium, e.g. time crystals and measurement-induced entanglement phases, quantum statistics of abelian and non-abelian excitations of the Kitaev toric code model. As of November 2023, Roushan has published more than 70 articles in peer-reviewed journals which have been cited over 25,000 times (h-index of 61). At the 18th Capri Spring School in 2024, he coined the term "discoverino" to refer to small discoveries first made by NISQ devices, but could also be made in theory or by using substantial classical computing resources.

Publications (selected) McEwen, M; Faoro, L; Arya, K; et al. (2022). "Resolving catastrophic error bursts from cosmic rays in large arrays of superconducting qubits". Nature Physics. 18 (1): 107–111. arXiv:2104.05219. Bibcode:2022NatPh..18..107M. doi:10.1038/s41567-021-01432-8. Mi, X; Ippoliti, M; Quintana, C; et al. (2021). "Time-crystalline eigenstate order on a quantum processor". Nature. 601 (7894): 531–536. arXiv:2107.13571. Bibcode:2022Natur.601..531M. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04257-w. PMC 8791837. PMID 34847568. Mi, X; Roushan, P; Quintana, C; et al. (2021). "Information scrambling in quantum circuits". Science. 374 (6574): 1479–1483. arXiv:2101.08870. Bibcode:2021Sci...374.1479M. doi:10.1126/science.abg5029. PMID 34709938. Satzinger, K; Liu, Y.-J.; Smith, A; et al. (2021). "Realizing topologically ordered states on a quantum processor". Science. 374 (6572): 1237–1241. arXiv:2104.01180. Bibcode:2021Sci...374.1237S. doi:10.1126/science.abi8378. PMID 34855491. Arute, Frank; Arya, Kunal; Babbush, Ryan; et al. (2019). "Quantum supremacy using a programmable superconducting processor". Nature. 574 (7779): 505–510. arXiv:1910.11333. Bibcode:2019Natur.574..505A. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1666-5. PMID 31645734. Roushan, P.; Neill, C.; Tangpanitanon, J.; et al. (2017). "Spectroscopic signatures of localization with interacting photons in superconducting qubits". Science. 358 (6367): 1175–1179. arXiv:1709.07108. Bibcode:2017Sci...358.1175R. doi:10.1126/science.aao1401. PMID 29191906. O'Malley, PJJ; Babbush, R; Kivlichan, ID; et al. (2016). "Scalable quantum simulation of molecular energies". Physical Review X. 6 (3) 031007. arXiv:1512.06860. Bibcode:2016PhRvX...6c1007O. doi:10.1103/PhysRevX.6.031007. Kelly, J; Barends, R; Fowler, A G; et al. (2015). "State preservation by repetitive error detection in a superconducting quantum circuit". Nature. 519 (7541): 66–69. arXiv:1411.7403. Bibcode:2015Natur.519...66K. doi:10.1038/nature14270. PMID 25739628. Barends, R; Kelly, J; Megrant, A; et al. (2014). "Superconducting quantum circuits at the surface code threshold for fault tolerance". Nature. 508 (7497): 500–503. arXiv:1402.4848. Bibcode:2014Natur.508..500B. doi:10.1038/nature13171. PMID 24759412. Hor, YS; Williams, AJ; Checkelsky, JG; et al. (2010). "Superconductivity in CuxBi2Se3 and its Implications for Pairing in the Undoped Topological Insulator". Physical Review Letters. 104 (5) 057001. arXiv:0909.2890. Bibcode:2010PhRvL.104e7001H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.057001. PMID 20366785. Hor, Y S; Roushan, P; Beidenkopf, H; et al. (2010). "Development of ferromagnetism in the doped topological insulator Bi2−xMnxTe3". Physical Review B. 81 (19) 195203. arXiv:1001.4834. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.81.195203. S2CID 11760202. Roushan, P; Seo, J; Parker, CV; et al. (2009). "Topological surface states protected from backscattering by chiral spin texture". Nature. 460 (7259): 1106–1109. arXiv:0908.1247. Bibcode:2009Natur.460.1106R. doi:10.1038/nature08308. PMID 19668187. S2CID 205217990. Hor, Y S; Richardella, A; Roushan, P; et al. (2009). "p-type Bi2Se3 for topological insulator and low-temperature thermoelectric applications". Physical Review B. 79 (19) 195208. arXiv:0903.4406. Bibcode:2009PhRvB..79s5208H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.79.195208.

References

External links Kian Sabeti (October 29, 2019). "The Google Quantum Scientist Was Banned from Attending University in Iran". Retrieved 2023-11-24. Pedram Roushan publications indexed by Google Scholar

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Pedram Roushan

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Pedram Roushan claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In physics, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Pedram Roushan before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Pedram Roushan ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Pedram Roushan

In research: Pedram Roushan appears in physics research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Pedram Roushan in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Pedram Roushan is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1978 births, 21st-century American physicists, 21st-century Iranian physicists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Pedram Roushan outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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Frequently asked questions

What is Pedram Roushan in simple terms?

Pedram Roushan is a research scientist working at Google AI on quantum computing and quantum simulation. Biography Pedram Roushan was born in Sari, Iran in 1978 and raised in Iran.

Why does Pedram Roushan matter?

Because it connects several physics ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Pedram Roushan?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Pedram Roushan.