science

Pedro Cubero

Pedro Cubero is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Pedro Cubero rather than just read about it. In short: Pedro Cubero Sebastián (El Frasno, Spain, 1645 – 1700) was a Spanish priest, best known for his eastwards travel around the world from 1670 to 1679. He was one of the most widely traveled men in his time.

Key takeaways

Pedro Cubero belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Pedro Cubero to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Pedro Cubero from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Pedro Cubero Sebastián (El Frasno, Spain, 1645 – 1700) was a Spanish priest, best known for his eastwards travel around the world from 1670 to 1679. He was one of the most widely traveled men in his time. Pedro Cubero was born in the village of El Frasno, near to Calatayud, in the Spanish region of Aragón. He studied in Zaragoza and Salamanca, up to his ordination as a priest in Zaragoza, and soon afterwards went to Rome, where he joined the Propaganda Fide congregation.

Around the world

In accordance with his missionary work, he undertook in 1670 a journey to East Asia, that eventually led him to complete an eastwards around the world trip. This was the first such journey that included a considerable amount of overland travel. He travelled through Western and Eastern Europe, Western and Central Asia, and North America. Gemelli Careri undertook a similar voyage twenty years later. In Europe Cubero visited Paris, Venice, Istanbul, Warsaw, where he attended the enthronement of John III Sobieski, Vilna, and Moscow where he met Nicolae Milescu who acted as Cubero's interpreter in the presence of tzar Alexis of Russia. In Asia he visited Astrakhan, Isfahan, Qazvin, where he was received by Shah Suleiman of Persia, Bandar Abbass, Surat, Goa, Colombo, Mylapore, Malacca, the Philippines and Moluccas. In the Americas he visited Acapulco, Veracruz, Havana before returning to Cádiz.

Vicissitudes in Far East While sailing from Colombo to Mylapore Cubero was captured by Malabar pirates and enslaved in the Maldive Islands for a few months. In Malacca, he was put in jail by the Dutch Governor, accused of publicly preaching Catholicism. Once in the Philippines, a Spanish colony, he realized that he was not very welcomed, as he did not belong to any of the Religious Orders that monopolized the missionary work. While in Manila he suffered the big earthquake of November 29, 1677. He went for a while to Tidore, despite the recent withdrawal of the Spanish forces there, and it is not clear if he actually entered China however he later dedicated three very detailed chapters of his Peregrinación del Mundo to China, Tartary and the Chinese-Tartarian wars.

Aboard the Manila galleon As he felt somehow passed over in the Philippines, he eventually decided to proceed to New Spain. He crossed the Pacific Ocean in the 1678 sailing of the Manila galleon, that time a carrack named San Antonio de Padua commanded by Don Felipe Montemayor y Prado. The navigation started in Cavite on 24 June, they caught sight of the American land on 5 December in latitude North of 29 degrees and docked in Acapulco on 8 January 1679. Only 192 people were alive, several of them dying, out of more than 400 that had begun the voyage.

Back in the Spanish court In New Spain he again did not feel himself useful, and decided to return to Spain, this time crossing the Atlantic Ocean. He finally reached Madrid in January 1680, just in time to attend the celebrations of the arrival of Maria Luisa of Orléans, recently married to King Charles II of Spain. He wrote the account of his adventures around the world in a very objective, detailed and interesting book, Peregrinación del mundo (World's peregrination), first published in Madrid in 1680. An extended second edition was brought out in 1682 in Naples, by then a Spanish possession.

Across Europe again Later on Cubero went again to Rome, and was appointed by the Holy See Apostolic confessor of the Army of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Hungary, in the Great Turkish War. There he witnessed the 1686 siege of Buda. He then traveled to other European countries, including England where he met King James II, and in 1697 published a second book, Segunda Peregrinación ..., that gathered together his European experiences.

References

(in Spanish) Pedro Cubero Sebastián, Peregrinación del mundo, Madrid, 1993. ISBN 84-7813-114-0 (in Spanish) "Peregrinación del mundo" de Pedro Cubero Sebastián, Colección Cisneros, dirigida por Don Ciriaco Pérez Bustamante, Catedrático de la Universidad Central. Madrid, (1943). Ediciones Atlas, 174 pages. (in Spanish) "Segunda peregrinacion del dotor D. Pedro Cubero Sebastian ... donde refiere los sucessos mas memorables, assi en las guerras de Vngria ... como en los ultimos tumultos de Ingalaterra, deposicion del rey Iacobo, y introducion del principe Guillermo de Nassao, ...", Valencia, (1697).

External links (in Spanish) entros/asiriologiayegipto/asiriologia/asirio_art01.html University web about Spanish travellers in the East (Web page Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain)

See also Martín Ignacio de Loyola Pedro Ordóñez de Ceballos

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Pedro Cubero

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Pedro Cubero claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Pedro Cubero before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Pedro Cubero ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Pedro Cubero

In research: Pedro Cubero appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Pedro Cubero in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Pedro Cubero is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1645 births, 1700 deaths, 17th-century Spanish Roman Catholic priests, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Pedro Cubero outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

Affiliate

Preply — study more efficiently by working with a personal tutor. 50% off.

How to study Pedro Cubero in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Pedro Cubero means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Pedro Cubero out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Pedro Cubero in simple terms?

Why does Pedro Cubero matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Pedro Cubero?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Pedro Cubero.