ArticleslgStudy

mathematics

Per Lindström

Per Lindström is a mathematics topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Per Lindström rather than just read about it. In short: Per "Pelle" Lindström (9 April 1936 – 21 August 2009, Gothenburg) was a Swedish logician, after whom Lindström's theorem and the Lindström quantifier are named. (He also independently discovered Ehrenfeucht–Fraïssé games.) He was one of the key followers of Lars Svenonius.

Key takeaways

  • Per Lindström belongs to mathematics; place it in that map before memorising details.
  • Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
  • Connect Per Lindström to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
  • Reproduce the core statement of Per Lindström from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Per "Pelle" Lindström (9 April 1936 – 21 August 2009, Gothenburg) was a Swedish logician, after whom Lindström's theorem and the Lindström quantifier are named. (He also independently discovered Ehrenfeucht–Fraïssé games.) He was one of the key followers of Lars Svenonius. Lindström was awarded a PhD from the University of Gothenburg in 1966. His thesis was titled Some Results in the Theory of Models of First Order Languages. A festschrift for Lindström was published in 1986.

Selected publications Per Lindström, First Order Predicate Logic with Generalized Quantifiers, Theoria 32, 1966, 186–195. Per Lindström, On Extensions of Elementary Logic, Theoria 35, 1969, 1–11. Per Lindström (1997). Aspects of incompleteness. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-63213-9.; 2nd ed. published by ASL in 2003, ISBN 978-1-56881-173-4

References

Further reading Väänänen, J.; Westerståhl, D. (2010). "In Memoriam: Per Lindström" (PDF). Theoria. 76 (2): 100–107. doi:10.1111/j.1755-2567.2010.01069.x.

External links Per Lindström at the Mathematics Genealogy Project

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Per Lindström

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Per Lindström claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In mathematics, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Per Lindström before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Per Lindström ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Per Lindström

In research
Per Lindström appears in mathematics research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry
Engineering practice reuses Per Lindström in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom
Per Lindström is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1936 births, 2009 deaths, European mathematician stubs, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life
Look for Per Lindström outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.
Ask Teacher Smith questions about this articleOpens your AI tutor with a question about “Per Lindström” →

Affiliate

Preply — study more efficiently by working with a personal tutor. 50% off.

How to study Per Lindström in 20 minutes

  1. Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
  2. Close the page and write down what Per Lindström means in your own words.
  3. Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
  4. Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
  5. Explain Per Lindström out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Per Lindström in simple terms?

Per "Pelle" Lindström (9 April 1936 – 21 August 2009, Gothenburg) was a Swedish logician, after whom Lindström's theorem and the Lindström quantifier are named. (He also independently discovered Ehrenfeucht–Fraïssé games.) He was one of the key followers of Lars Svenonius.

Why does Per Lindström matter?

Because it connects several mathematics ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Per Lindström?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Per Lindström.

Tags

  • 1936 births
  • 2009 deaths
  • European mathematician stubs
  • Swedish logicians
  • Swedish mathematicians

Keep exploring