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astronomy

Pete Frank

Pete Frank is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Pete Frank rather than just read about it. In short: Pete Frank, also known as M. P.

Pete Frank — main illustration
Pete Frank — illustration

Key takeaways

  • Pete Frank belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
  • Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
  • Connect Pete Frank to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
  • Reproduce the core statement of Pete Frank from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Pete Frank, also known as M. P. Frank III (August 20, 1930 – June 22, 2005) was a NASA engineer who served as the lead flight director for the Apollo 14 and Apollo 16 crewed lunar landing missions, as well as the American lead flight director for the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project.

Education M. P. (Pete) Frank III was born in Bryan, Texas. His initials did not stand for anything and he was always known as "Pete". He graduated from Denton High School in 1948, and attended the University of Texas at Austin, receiving a Bachelor of Science degree in aeronautical engineering by 1952. Correction: In the prior paragraph, it was stated that Pete's initials did not stand for anything. This is totally incorrect. He was named after his grandfather, Mordecai Pittman Frank, and his father, Mordecai Pittman Frank Jr. Pete's legal name is Mordecai Pittman Frank, III. As a youth, he did not want to be called by his proper name. My mother, Dora, was sister to his father, who we called Uncle M.P. Pete was very humble and adored by his entire family. We are very proud of all his accomplishments. (submitted by Thomas R. Boettcher, Pete's first cousin)

Career After college graduation, Frank joined the United States Marine Corps for four years as a pilot, then served in the Reserve, becoming a lieutenant colonel. While working for the Glenn L. Martin Company in Baltimore, Maryland, Frank earned a master's degree in mechanical engineering at Drexel University in Philadelphia.

Frank joined NASA in 1962. Frank was one of 44 men selected to report to Brooks Air Force Base for two months for extensive medical testing in January and February 1966 during the recruitment of what would become NASA Astronaut Group 5. He was not chosen among those 19, but was a finalist. In his January 1999 oral history, flight director Gene Kranz said, "Pete Frank translated the values 'discipline, morale, tough and competent now' into a statement … each controller has an opportunity to reflect as he approaches his role and responsibility in each mission." Frank took the role of flight director in 1968. He became the eighth director to lead a mission and adopted the team color orange, which was retired when he retired from NASA. Frank, among others, directed Apollo 9, 10, and 12 and 17 Frank was lead director for Apollo 14 and 16. There were typically three to six flight directors per mission, with one serving as a lead director. Frank served on the internal review board to study the causes of the Apollo 13 onboard explosion, under Dr. Edgar Cortright, Director of the Langley Research Center. Frank, with other flight controllers and directors on Apollo 14, guided mission commander Alan Shepard, Lunar Module Pilot Edgar Mitchell and Command Module Pilot Stuart Roosa to the Moon on a redesigned Apollo command and service module, completing the mission planned for 13's crew to the Fra Mauro highlands. In 1975, Frank served as the American lead flight director for the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project. Frank would later become chief of the Flight Control Division before his retirement in 1983.

Post-career and death Frank and his wife supported the Habitat for Humanity organization in fundraising and homebuilding. Frank died after an auto accident, on June 22, 2005.

See also Apollo program

Notes

Illustrations

Pete Frank illustration
Pete Frank: Frank has inspired flight controllers for decades with these words.[3]
Frank has inspired flight controllers for decades with these words.[3]

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Pete Frank

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Pete Frank claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Pete Frank before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Pete Frank ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Pete Frank

In research
Pete Frank appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry
Engineering practice reuses Pete Frank in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom
Pete Frank is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1930 births, 2005 deaths, Apollo 14, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life
Look for Pete Frank outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.
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How to study Pete Frank in 20 minutes

  1. Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
  2. Close the page and write down what Pete Frank means in your own words.
  3. Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
  4. Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
  5. Explain Pete Frank out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Pete Frank in simple terms?

Pete Frank, also known as M. P.

Why does Pete Frank matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Pete Frank?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Pete Frank.

Tags

  • 1930 births
  • 2005 deaths
  • Apollo 14
  • Apollo 16
  • Apollo–Soyuz Test Project
  • Drexel University alumni
  • Military personnel from Texas
  • NASA flight controllers
  • People from Bryan, Texas
  • University of Texas at Austin alumni

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