physics

Petroleum Sarawak

Petroleum Sarawak is a physics topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Petroleum Sarawak rather than just read about it. In short: Petroleum Sarawak Berhad (also known as PETROS) is a state-owned oil and gas exploration firm established and wholly owned by the Government of Sarawak. Background Sarawak's and Sabah's oil and gas rights were lost to the Federal Government after the 13 May Incident.

Key takeaways

Petroleum Sarawak belongs to physics; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Petroleum Sarawak to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Petroleum Sarawak from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Petroleum Sarawak Berhad (also known as PETROS) is a state-owned oil and gas exploration firm established and wholly owned by the Government of Sarawak.

Background Sarawak's and Sabah's oil and gas rights were lost to the Federal Government after the 13 May Incident. When the Federal Government made a Proclamation of Emergency in response to the unrest, it unilaterally limited the territorial waters of the Borneo states to three nautical miles. The ownership of the remaining territorial waters were transferred to the Federal Government. In 1974, the Federal Government transferred its territorial waters ownership to Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) through the enactment of the Petroleum Development Act 1974. The then chief minister of Sarawak, Abdul Rahman Ya'kub was one of the signatories of this agreement. Among others, the act allowed PETRONAS to regulate the oil and gas industry in Malaysia, and explore mineral resources in both the states. Petronas also gained control over the oil and gas reserves in Sarawak. The revenues from oil and gas will be divided among oil-producing states (5 percent), federal government (5 percent), producer company (41 percent), and Petronas (49 percent). In 2011, the 1969 Proclamation of Emergency (along with the 1966 & 1977 Proclamations of Emergency) proclamation was lifted which nullified Emergency Ordinances and measures authorised by these proclamations, including the three nautical miles limitation. The Territorial Sea Act 2012 was introduced to limit the territorial waters to three nautical miles limit through an Act of Parliament. Zainnal Ajamain, a political analyst, claimed that the payment of oil royalty to Sarawak is limited to 10 percent according to the Federal Constitution. However, it was argued that the article stipulated in the Federal Constitution only deals with the eligibility of the state of charging duty exports if the state oil royalty is less than 10 percent. In 2008, the federal government of Malaysia announced that it had no plans of revising oil royalty rates for Sabah and Sarawak. In 2012, chief minister of Sarawak Abdul Taib Mahmud started a private negotiation with federal government regarding the Sarawak oil royalty. In 2014, Sarawak State Legislative Assembly passed a motion to ask for 20% oil royalty from the federal government. Since then, subsequent chief ministers of Sarawak had been trying to gain more autonomy for oil and gas rights in Sarawak. In May 2015, Petronas agreed to supply cheaper natural gas to Sarawak Energy for power generation. In December 2015, Sarawak state assembly passed another motion that rejects the 2012 Territorial Sea Act; because according to Article 2 of the Constitution of Malaysia, the federal government of Malaysia has no rights to change the state boundaries without the consent of the respective state governments. In August 2016, following a retrenchment exercise by Petronas on Sarawakian workers, the Sarawak chief minister Adenan Satem had threatened to freeze the work permits of non-Sarawakians Petronas workers in the state. However, soon after that, the issue was resolved after Petronas agreed to offer more jobs for the Sarawak people. As of May 2017, Sarawak was still negotiating with Petronas for an increase in oil and petroleum royalty to 20%.

… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Petroleum Sarawak

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Petroleum Sarawak claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In physics, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Petroleum Sarawak before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Petroleum Sarawak ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Petroleum Sarawak

In research: Petroleum Sarawak appears in physics research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Petroleum Sarawak in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Petroleum Sarawak is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 2017 establishments in Malaysia, Energy companies established in 2017, Government-owned companies of Malaysia, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Petroleum Sarawak outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Petroleum Sarawak in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Petroleum Sarawak means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Petroleum Sarawak out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Petroleum Sarawak in simple terms?

Petroleum Sarawak Berhad (also known as PETROS) is a state-owned oil and gas exploration firm established and wholly owned by the Government of Sarawak. Background Sarawak's and Sabah's oil and gas rights were lost to the Federal Government after the 13 May Incident.

Why does Petroleum Sarawak matter?

Because it connects several physics ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Petroleum Sarawak?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Petroleum Sarawak.