biology

Philip Bruce White

Philip Bruce White is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Philip Bruce White rather than just read about it. In short: Philip Bruce White (29 December 1891 – 19 March 1949) was a British microbiologist. He is notable for developing a classification system for salmonella bacteria which later became known as the Kauffman-White classification.

Key takeaways

Philip Bruce White belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Philip Bruce White to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Philip Bruce White from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Philip Bruce White (29 December 1891 – 19 March 1949) was a British microbiologist. He is notable for developing a classification system for salmonella bacteria which later became known as the Kauffman-White classification.

Biography White was born in Bangor, Gwynedd, North Wales on 29 December 1891, as the eldest of three children. His father. Philip Jacob, was a lecturer in zoology at the University College of North Wales. They lived in a house overlooking the Menai Strait where Jacob was heavily involved in setting up a biological study station on Puffin Island where his son White spent the majority of his childhood. Griffith Evans, a Welsh bacteriologist who discovered trypanosoma evansi, was also a family friend who regularly visited the family with tales of his work as a veterinary officer in British India which White later highlighted in his memoirs as being an inspiration to his future work. He completed a bachelor's degree in zoology and botany at the University College of North Wales in 1915. In 1926, White published a schema for classifying salmonella bacteria based on serum. This was later extended by the Danish microbiologist Fritz Kauffmann, the Kauffman–White classification. White became a fellow of the Royal Society on 20 March 1941. He died in London on 19 March 1949 at age 57. He was survived by his wife and two sons.

References

Further reading Wilson Smith (30 November 1950). "Philip Bruce White, 1891–1949". Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society. 7 (19): 278–292. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1950.0018. ISSN 1479-571X.

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Philip Bruce White

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Philip Bruce White claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Philip Bruce White before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Philip Bruce White ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Philip Bruce White

In research: Philip Bruce White appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Philip Bruce White in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Philip Bruce White is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1891 births, 1949 deaths, British biologist stubs, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Philip Bruce White outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Philip Bruce White in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Philip Bruce White means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Philip Bruce White out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Philip Bruce White in simple terms?

Why does Philip Bruce White matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Philip Bruce White?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Philip Bruce White.