biology

Pho1 family

Pho1 family is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Pho1 family rather than just read about it. In short: The Pho1 phosphate permease family (TC# 2.A.94) is a family of phosphate transporters belonging to the ion transporter (IT) superfamily. Representative members of the Pho1 family include the putative phosphate transporter PHO1 of Arabidopsis thaliana (TC# 2.A.94.1.1), and the xenotropic and polytropic murine-leukemia virus receptor Xpr1 of Metazoa, such as Homo sapiens, Drosophila, and Culex pipiens (TC# 2.A.94.1.2).

Key takeaways

Pho1 family belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Pho1 family to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Pho1 family from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

The Pho1 phosphate permease family (TC# 2.A.94) is a family of phosphate transporters belonging to the ion transporter (IT) superfamily. Representative members of the Pho1 family include the putative phosphate transporter PHO1 of Arabidopsis thaliana (TC# 2.A.94.1.1), and the xenotropic and polytropic murine-leukemia virus receptor Xpr1 of Metazoa, such as Homo sapiens, Drosophila, and Culex pipiens (TC# 2.A.94.1.2).

Pho1 Pho1 of A. thaliana is a member of the PHO1 family (11 paralogues in A. thaliana). This protein is 782 amino acyl residues in length and possesses 7 transmembrane segments (TMSs). It functions in inorganic phosphate transport and homeostasis. Pho1 catalyzes efflux of phosphate from epidermal and cortical cells into the xylem. The SPX superfamily domain is an N-terminal soluble domain. These proteins belong to the EXS (Erd1/Xpr1/Syg1) superfamily.

The generalized reaction catalyzed by Pho1 is:Pi (cells) → Pi (xylem)

See also Phosphate permease Ion transporter superfamily Inorganic phosphate Transporter Classification Database

Further reading EMBL-EBI, InterPro. "Phosphate permease (IPR004738) < InterPro < EMBL-EBI". www.ebi.ac.uk. Retrieved 2016-03-03. "pho-4 - Phosphate-repressible phosphate permease pho-4 - Neurospora crassa (strain ATCC 24698 / 74-OR23-1A / CBS 708.71 / DSM 1257 / FGSC 987) - pho-4 gene & protein". www.uniprot.org. Retrieved 2016-03-03. Versaw, W. K. (1995-02-03). "A phosphate-repressible, high-affinity phosphate permease is encoded by the pho-5+ gene of Neurospora crassa". Gene 153 (1): 135–139. ISSN 0378-1119. PMID 7883177. Ramaiah, Madhuvanthi; Jain, Ajay; Baldwin, James C.; Karthikeyan, Athikkattuvalasu S.; Raghothama, Kashchandra G. (2011-09-01). "Characterization of the phosphate starvation-induced glycerol-3-phosphate permease gene family in Arabidopsis". Plant Physiology157 (1): 279–291. doi:10.1104/pp.111.178541. ISSN 1532-2548. PMC 3165876. PMID 21788361. Stakheev, A. A.; Khairulina, D. R.; Ryazantsev, D. Yu; Zavriev, S. K. (2013-03-22). "Phosphate permease gene as a marker for the species-specific identification of the toxigenic fungus Fusarium cerealis". Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry 39 (2): 153–160.doi:10.1134/S1068162013020131. ISSN 1068-1620.

References

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Pho1 family

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Pho1 family claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Pho1 family before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Pho1 family ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Pho1 family

In research: Pho1 family appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Pho1 family in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Pho1 family is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Membrane protein stubs, Protein families, Solute carrier family, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Pho1 family outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Pho1 family in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Pho1 family means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Pho1 family out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Pho1 family in simple terms?

Why does Pho1 family matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Pho1 family?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Pho1 family.